15 Essential Insights Before Traveling to Indonesia: Culture, Etiquette, and Safety

If you seek culture, adventure, wildlife, or simply thrill, Indonesia stands as one of the most vibrant nations worldwide. With around 13,466 islands, it’s impressively vast. Yet, beyond Bali and Lombok (and the Gili Islands), much of Indonesia remains undiscovered by many travelers. Take Sumatra, for example—it’s 80 times the size of Bali and feels like a separate universe. So, is Indonesia worth the visit?

Absolutely! This island chain boasts a wealth of distinct cultures and spans over 5,000 km (3,110 miles) from west to east, making it one of the most diversely exciting countries on the planet. From pre-trip preparations to essential etiquette and safety tips, here are 15 vital things to know for your journey to Indonesia.

1. Choose the ideal season based on your destination

While many travelers to Bali aim to steer clear of the rainy season (typically November to March), there’s truly no bad time to explore Indonesia. Even during peak monsoon, the rain usually comes in short bursts, creating a mesmerizing display of nature. You’ll often enjoy sunny days interspersed with brief storms. Visiting during this low season can also mean fewer crowds and lower prices, but be wary of the initial rains that can wash plastic waste into rivers and onto beaches—one of Indonesia’s ongoing challenges.

In the far reaches of the archipelago, West Papua and the Maluku Islands typically experience their dry seasons from September to March. The expansive Sumatra (1,000 km/620 miles long) and Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) have unique weather patterns of their own. Generally, March to October is a safe window to avoid heavy rainfall in these regions, which is crucial for accessing jungle areas that may be cut off during the rains.

2. Select the appropriate visa

Citizens from the UK, USA, Canada, and Australia can obtain a Visa on Arrival (VOA) at certain international airports, seaports, or land borders. However, it's advisable to secure an e-Visa (e-VOA) at least 48 hours before departure. This can also be extended for an additional 30 days. The initial 30-day tourist visa is approximately US$35. Ensure your passport has at least six months' validity before traveling.

For those planning a longer stay in Indonesia for work or study, various visa options are available. Citizens from other countries should check their specific visa requirements and apply online.

3. Familiarize yourself with some Indonesian words and phrases

It’s said that approximately one in ten languages spoken globally can be found in Indonesia. Each island often has its own distinct languages (some islands have hundreds), and English is primarily heard in tourist hotspots. Thankfully, Bahasa Indonesia (literally 'Indonesian language') is widely understood, with the exception of very young children in preschool and some elderly individuals in rural areas.

Indonesian is relatively simple to learn, and locals will appreciate even the smallest attempts to converse in their language. (Bahasa Indonesia is quite similar to Malay, so your language skills will also benefit trips to Malaysia, Sarawak, and Sabah).

4. Attire: dress for the tropics while showing respect

Indonesia boasts a tropical climate, so you'll often find yourself wanting to wear shorts, t-shirts, or beach attire. However, it can get surprisingly cool in the highlands, and if you plan on trekking or climbing volcanoes, having some warmer layers is advisable. Additionally, transportation methods (planes, trains, and buses) can be quite chilly, and air conditioning in malls and hotels is frequently set to low temperatures, allowing fashion enthusiasts to showcase styles reminiscent of a European fall.

Even in coastal regions, it’s considered highly disrespectful to walk around without a shirt (especially when entering shops or restaurants), although this is common in Bali’s party spots. While male Indonesians may go shirtless at home, they would never remove their shirt on someone else's property.

When visiting temples, it’s typically required to wear a sarong, and women should cover their shoulders. In many religious sites and ceremonies, shorts are generally prohibited. While dress codes are often more relaxed in most of Muslim Indonesia, wearing long pants can help you feel more comfortable and appear respectful in predominantly Muslim communities.

5. Purchase a local SIM card and download helpful apps

Get a local SIM card as soon as you arrive at the airport to ensure you have calling credit and internet data wherever you travel. It’s affordable and quick—the staff will set up and activate the card for you in just a few minutes. Keep the contact details of your national consulate or embassy handy in case of emergencies.

Before you travel, make sure to download the transportation apps for Grab and/or Gojek. For solo travelers, this can provide peace of mind, as drivers and riders are vetted and reviewed, plus there’s a security alert button to use if you ever feel threatened.

6. Etiquette: Honor your hosts’ religious beliefs

Indonesia holds the title of the world’s most populous Muslim nation, with 87% of its 275 million citizens identifying as Muslim. However, this can be somewhat misleading, as outside of Aceh in northern Sumatra, where Sharia law is still enforced, Islamic restrictions are quite relaxed. Indonesian Muslims are known for their exceptional hospitality.

Large portions of the country are predominantly Christian, especially in areas like the Maluku Islands, while Bali is mostly Hindu. Alongside these 'formal' religions, a variety of animistic beliefs flourish, often intertwined with them. Your journey will be enriched by efforts to understand and appreciate your hosts’ beliefs.

7. Remove your shoes upon entering a building

Most travelers are aware that in Asia, wearing shoes indoors is frowned upon, but many are surprised to find this courtesy also applies to homestays and, in some cases, hotel rooms in Indonesia. While it’s not a strict requirement, many small souvenir shop owners appreciate it if you leave your shoes at the door as a sign of respect.

8. Avoid asking elderly individuals their names

In many traditional communities, especially in rural Bali, it is considered highly inappropriate to speak the name of an older person. There’s a belief that the gods maintain a list of individuals who are 'due to be called,' and mentioning a name could remind them of someone who has been 'overlooked.' Older women are generally referred to as Nenek (grandmother), while older men are often called Bapak (mister) or Kakek (grandfather). In general, it’s respectful to refer to older individuals as Pak (mister) or Ibu (mother).

9. Bring a gift for your hosts

If you're visiting a family's home, a small token (known as an oleh oleh) is often appreciated—especially something that represents your home country. Locally sourced sarongs, typically available for just a few dollars, make a lightweight alternative. It’s considered impolite for Indonesians to make a big show of receiving a gift, so don’t be surprised if it’s accepted with just a simple thank you and then set aside (still wrapped) for later examination.

10. Stay vigilant in Indonesia: there’s a minor risk of pickpocketing

Overall, you’re generally at a greater risk of crime in a European or American city than in Indonesia, where most visits are smooth and trouble-free. However, it’s wise to remain cautious in busy bars and markets, as there’s a small chance of encountering pickpockets or scam artists.

The vast majority of Indonesians from diverse regions, cultures, and religions embody a strong tradition of hospitality towards strangers and travelers. Whether you find yourself among the legendary Dayak ex-headhunter communities of Kalimantan, the former cannibal groups of Batak (Sumatra), or Asmat (West Papua), you'll quickly sense that you're among friends. Lombok is notably known for organized robberies on quiet roads, but in most areas, community standards typically ensure that such penjahat (evildoers) are swiftly dealt with.

11. Be ready for volcanic activity and earthquakes

Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are common occurrences along the Ring of Fire. The excellent Volcano Discovery website and app offer real-time updates (and alerts) along with intriguing background information on nearly 200 Indonesian volcanoes. When there’s increased activity, make sure to follow official guidance regarding exclusion zones.

In times of frequent and intense earthquakes, consider bringing a small, lightweight, sensitive wind chime—like the kind usually hung in gardens. Hang it in your hotel wardrobe (away from the fan), and it can serve as an effective early-warning system for tremors.

12. Indonesia has very strict drug laws

Indonesia enforces some of the most severe anti-drug laws in the world. Possessing illegal substances can lead to up to four years in prison, while trafficking convictions can often result in the death penalty, executed by firing squad.

13. Understand the laws affecting LGBTQI+ travelers

In Aceh, where pre-marital sex is generally deemed illegal, same-sex relationships are also against the law. This is somewhat true in the Sumatran city of Palembang as well. However, discreet same-sex couples will find a warmer reception in most other parts of the country.

Public displays of affection, regardless of sexual orientation, are generally frowned upon by the conservative Indonesian populace. Some areas, particularly Maluku, have historically accepted waria (men with women's souls), but rising anti-LGBTQI+ sentiments among politicians are making life tougher for same-sex couples. While most Western-style tourist hotels welcome same-sex couples, those traveling to more remote regions often prefer the privacy of booking through platforms like Airbnb.

14. Update your vaccinations before traveling

Travelers heading to Indonesia should consult official sources like their embassy or consulate at least eight weeks prior to their trip to find out what vaccinations are necessary. Vaccines for Hepatitis A and B are recommended, along with typhoid shots and malaria prophylaxis for certain regions. If arriving from a country with a high risk of yellow fever, you may need to show a yellow fever vaccination certificate.

15. Avoid drinking tap water

Locals in Indonesia also avoid drinking tap water; they prefer bottled water or boiled water instead. To stay safe, use bottled water for making ice and brushing your teeth whenever possible. Due to Indonesia's significant plastic waste issue, if you’re staying somewhere for more than a few days (or traveling in a group), consider purchasing a large 19-liter bottle (locally called a galon) that you can refill, rather than relying on numerous smaller bottles during your visit.