27 top destinations to explore in Europe

It's impossible to travel through Europe without being captivated by its breathtaking landscapes, intriguing history, vibrant culture, and stunning artistic and culinary variety. From sun-drenched islands to hidden gems, there's always something new to uncover.

The abundance of attractions in Europe is its greatest appeal. Who hasn't imagined witnessing the Renaissance masterpieces of Florence, navigating the charming canals of Venice, experiencing the grandeur of Napoleon’s Paris, or exploring the rich historical tapestry of London? There's also an incredible range of natural beauty: the rugged Scottish Highlands with their glens and lochs; the blooming fields and hilltop villages of Provence; the stunning coastlines of the Adriatic and Aegean, dotted with countless islands. And these are just a few highlights.

Many of Europe's most visited locations have recently experienced the impact of rising tourism, affecting local communities, services, and historical landmarks. However, with some thoughtful planning and consideration, you can embark on the adventure of a lifetime. Here are 27 must-see places in Europe.

1. London, UK

Undoubtedly one of the world's most remarkable cities

London is ever-changing and endlessly intriguing. You could spend a lifetime exploring its depths, only to find that the city has evolved once more. Along the iconic River Thames, its vibrant parks and historic neighborhoods are filled with incredible landmarks: royal residences, magnificent cathedrals, and outstanding museums and galleries. With top-notch theaters, restaurants, sports venues, and shops, you might find it hard to leave.

For those eager to delve deeper into London, exploring its diverse and charming neighborhoods will be rewarding, whether it's the trendy clubs of Shoreditch or the scenic streets of Notting Hill. If time permits, consider a day trip to enjoy the natural beauty of the New Forest, visit the Roman ruins in Bath, or experience the vibrant culture of Brighton.

2. Venice, Italy

A city of enchantment seemingly afloat on water

On a sunny winter day, with fewer tourists in sight, you can truly embrace Venice's enchanting atmosphere. Leave your map behind and meander through the dimly lit back streets of Dorsoduro, imagining secret meetings and hushed plots at every corner. Afterward, explore two of Venice’s premier galleries, the Gallerie dell’Accademia and the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, showcasing masterpieces by renowned Italian and European artists.

In recent years, Venice has faced challenges due to mass tourism, prompting visitors to learn about responsible travel in this stunning yet delicate city. A new entry fee for day visitors may encourage longer stays, allowing for a richer appreciation of this remarkable destination.

3. Paris, France

Experience a masterpiece of architecture up close

Originally created as a temporary installation for the 1889 Exposition Universelle (World Fair), the graceful, iconic Eiffel Tower has evolved into a central symbol of the Paris skyline. It's nearly impossible to envision a city more emblematic than the City of Light. With world-class cuisine, captivating nightlife, and an abundance of museums, galleries, and flea markets, Paris embodies a traveler's paradise.

Spend your days exploring the city’s 20 fascinating arrondissements (districts), or venture out on a day trip to visit Monet’s garden in Giverny or Marie Antoinette’s historic estate at Versailles. No matter your choice, it’s sure to be an unforgettable journey.

4. Rome, Italy

Where ancient ruins meet modern flair

From the majestic Colosseum to the storied Forum and the historic Via Appia Antica, few sights can match the evocative power of ancient Rome's ruins. Once the heart of a mighty empire, this city was home to gladiators and emperors dwelling in unparalleled opulence. Today, its ancient landmarks carry an air of mystery; as you tread the cobbled streets, you can almost feel the whispers of history.

Yet, don’t overlook the city's vibrant modern scene. Discover stylish handbags and artisan jewelry in Rome’s trendiest independent shops. Engage with locals over aperitivo (pre-meal drinks) at chic bars, or admire street art in neighborhoods like Ostiense and San Lorenzo. In a city rich with history, there's always something fresh and exciting waiting to be uncovered.

5. Berlin, Germany

Experience the ever-evolving spirit of the city

Almost 35 years after the Berlin Wall came down, it’s astonishing to think that this cosmopolitan hub once stood as a major Cold War frontier. Yet, remnants of Berlin's divided history persist. As you stroll past the Brandenburg Gate, admire the graffiti-laden remnants of the Berlin Wall at East Side Gallery, or explore the exhibits at the DDR Museum, you’ll gain insight into the events that shaped Germany’s capital. Embrace the blend of history and modernity by enjoying the city's renowned club scene, distinctive independent shops, and trendy neighborhoods.

6. Dubrovnik, Croatia

A stunning fortified city

Dubrovnik is renowned for its magnificent historic city wall, regarded as one of the finest globally. This impressive structure encircles radiant marble streets and beautifully adorned buildings. Constructed between the 13th and 16th centuries, the walls remain remarkably well-preserved, offering breathtaking views over the terracotta roofs and the Adriatic Sea, especially at sunset when the light creates dramatic hues and unforgettable vistas.

The city’s significant presence in the TV series Game of Thrones has led to a tremendous influx of visitors and a rise in tours highlighting the famous locations. However, travelers can still discover the authentic essence of Dubrovnik by exploring its key attractions and venturing beyond the Old Town.

7. Prague, Czechia

An architectural gem of Central Europe

The capital of Czechia, Prague stands as one of Europe’s most enchanting and vibrant cities. While it pulses with modern energy, many areas have retained their medieval charm. Narrow cobbled streets meander between towering townhouses, baroque structures, and elegant bridges.

For castle enthusiasts, Prague boasts a stunning marvel: a millennium-old fortress spanning approximately 7 hectares (17 acres) – the largest ancient castle complex in the world. The Old Town features many of the city's iconic attractions, but exploring other captivating neighborhoods will lead you to some of the finest dining experiences as well.

8. Vienna, Austria

The grand heart of a former empire

The stately Hofburg palace transports you back to the imperial era in Vienna. Here, you can admire the treasury’s imperial crowns, witness the elegant performances of the Spanish Riding School, and explore the chandelier-lit rooms once lived in by Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth. This palace, a remnant of the 640-year Habsburg Empire, is only matched in splendor by the 1441-room Schloss Schönbrunn, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the baroque Schloss Belvedere, both surrounded by beautiful gardens.

9. Amsterdam, Netherlands

Canals and gabled buildings recognized as World Heritage sites

Residents of Amsterdam have a deep affection for the water. Take a walk along the canals to see the myriad houseboats, or hop on a canal boat ride to discover why. From the water, you'll catch a glimpse of unique architectural features, including the decorative elements on the city’s iconic bridges. Each charming canalside café terrace you pass is worth noting for a future visit.

Getting around in Amsterdam is effortless, making it a fantastic city for exploring trendy neighborhoods in search of delicious food and drinks. While there’s always something to do in Amsterdam, some of the best experiences come from taking it easy, avoiding the tourist traps, and simply enjoying the local atmosphere.

10. Budapest, Hungary

A stunning capital city on the banks of the Danube

Nestled along the enchanting Danube River, flanked by the Buda Hills to the west and the onset of the Great Plain to the east, Budapest stands out as possibly the most stunning city in Eastern Europe. Its parks are filled with attractions, the architecture is unparalleled, museums house priceless treasures, pleasure boats glide along the picturesque Danube Bend, and the steamy Baroque and Turkish-era thermal baths invite relaxation, while the city's nightlife pulses into the early hours.

11. Barcelona, Spain

Experience the brilliance of an innovative architect

Barcelona is renowned for its Modernista architecture, particularly the stunning creations of Antoni Gaudí. His magnum opus, the grand cathedral La Sagrada Família, continues to evolve nearly a century after his passing. This extraordinary structure blends Gothic elements with whimsical experimental features and striking angles, making it a modern marvel even in its unfinished state.

However, the Catalonian capital offers far more than just its iconic church. Barcelona is bustling with tapas bars, art galleries, and neighborhoods rich in history—not to mention its stunning beaches. The city has gained significant attention due to the influx of tourists and its effects on local communities, so it’s important to be aware of these challenges before visiting.

12. Lisbon, Portugal

A picturesque city with character

The neighborhood of Alfama, with its winding alleyways, secret courtyards, and twisting, shadowy paths, invites you to lose yourself and explore the essence of Lisbon. Along the way, you’ll encounter tiny shops, vibrantly tiled facades, and sweeping views of steep rooftops cascading down to the sparkling Tagus River. Stop at quaint taverns filled with friendly conversation, where the aroma of grilled sardines mingles with the haunting melodies of fado, and raise a glass of Portugal's famous port wine to the city.

13. The Scottish Highlands

Natural splendor and whispers of history

Whether you choose to hike, take the train, or embark on an exciting road trip, the Scottish Highlands offer stunning vistas at every turn. From the noble beauty of Royal Deeside to the dramatic allure of Glen Coe and the enigmatic depths of Loch Ness, these landscapes will leave you breathless. Dotted with enchanting castles and glorious hiking trails, the region also boasts warm Highland hospitality found in traditional pubs and charming country inns, ensuring you'll create lasting memories in this remarkable part of Scotland.

14. Dublin, Ireland

Guinness, pints, and literary heritage

As you stroll through the leafy Georgian squares of St Stephen’s Green or delve into history at Kilmainham Gaol and Trinity College, literary and historical landmarks are always within reach in Dublin. The city’s pubs offer some of the best spots to enjoy a pint, and you can even make a pilgrimage to the original Guinness brewery. Along the way, you're bound to make some Irish friends.

15. Florence and Tuscany, Italy

Timeless romance and Renaissance allure

The rolling hills of Tuscany, awash in golden light and sprinkled with vineyards, encapsulate Italy's allure perfectly. Here, charming hilltop villages compete with breathtaking landscapes and some of the country's finest cuisine and wines. Discovering Tuscany for the first time is truly one of Europe’s greatest delights. Don't miss the celebrated Chianti wines and the enchanting main square of historic Siena.

And then there’s Florence—oh, Firenze!—home to what UNESCO calls 'the greatest collection of universally acclaimed artworks in the world.' This Tuscan capital brims with must-see museums, exquisite churches, and stunning Renaissance architecture. Given its iconic status, Florence attracts large crowds, so be sure to plan your visit for the best times to enjoy it.

16. Copenhagen, Denmark

The trendsetter of the Nordic region

Scandinavia is synonymous with sleek, modern design, and Copenhagen embodies this aesthetic perfectly. With a vibrant design culture, the Danish capital boasts Michelin-starred eateries, trendy cafes and bars, and charming boutiques at every turn. Combine that with world-class museums, galleries, and a picturesque harbor steeped in history, and you have an ideal Scandinavian getaway.

Although Copenhagen has a reputation for being pricey, there are ways to manage your budget and numerous free activities to enjoy in the city. Simply wandering around and immersing yourself in the local vibe won't cost you a single Danish krone.

17. Andalucía, Spain

Dynamic cities adorned with stunning architecture

Andalucía, known as al-Andalus during Moorish times, boasts an incredible array of architectural marvels that reflect eight centuries of Islamic influence in Spain and beyond. The cities of Granada, Córdoba, and Seville represent the pinnacle of this rich cultural journey. In Granada, the exquisite Alhambra stands as a near-perfect example of Islamic architecture and is arguably one of Spain’s most iconic landmarks.

18. Ruins of Pompeii, Italy

Ancient city frozen in time by Vesuvius

Preserved in its final moments, the vast, time-forgotten ruins of Pompeii near Naples transport visitors back 2000 years. Stroll along chariot-rutted Roman roads and explore opulently frescoed homes, bathhouses, shops, theaters, and even an ancient brothel. In the haunting silence, with the foreboding silhouette of Mt Vesuvius looming, reflect on the town's last hours as the skies filled with suffocating volcanic ash. One of the most captivating aspects of this historic site is witnessing the ongoing excavations, which continuously reveal insights into life in 79 CE.

19. Reykjavík, Iceland

The world’s northernmost capital

Over half of Iceland's population resides in Reykjavík, a city smaller than Anchorage, Alaska. Yet, even during a brief visit, you’ll be captivated by the unique charm and creativity of its residents. Situated on Europe’s northern edge, this volcanic and icy island has birthed a vibrant city brimming with stunning art, delectable cuisine, and a lively nightlife, including an impressive music scene. Discover a history that dates back to the Vikings and use the city as a launchpad to explore Iceland’s incredible natural wonders.

20. Provence, France

Charming Gallic beauty in southern France

For many, the idyllic scenery of Provence is a living dream of France. This region encapsulates the essence of the French lifestyle: exquisite cuisine, renowned wines, lively markets, and long, warm evenings perfect for savoring life’s pleasures. For years, Provence's villages have attracted vacationers and those seeking a second home, all drawn by the allure of a rustic lifestyle.

Discover the picture-perfect views of lavender fields and medieval cloisters at Abbaye Notre-Dame de Sénanque, or enjoy an espresso while mingling with students in Aix-en-Provence. No matter your choice, indulging in fine food, drink, and a good life will surely be central to your experience.

21. Swiss Alps, Switzerland

Hike, ski, and admire these breathtaking peaks

The majestic Swiss Alps grace chocolate wrappers and muesli boxes, but nothing can truly prepare you for the enchantment of experiencing these mountains firsthand. The iconic Matterhorn, a striking pyramid of rock and ice, towers over the charming village of Zermatt. Whether you enjoy it from a cozy café, hike along the winding alpine trails with the sound of distant cowbells, or take in its rugged silhouette from a ski slope, its beauty is undeniable.

22. Istanbul, Türkiye

Where Europe meets Asia

Having served as the capital for both the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires, Istanbul stands as one of the world’s great cities, a historical crossroads of civilizations. This significance is amplified with the rise of its main international airport. The district of Sultanahmet is home to many historical gems, including the Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, Topkapı Palace, and Grand Bazaar, while the expansive Süleymaniye Mosque overlooks the area from its hilltop in Eminönü.

After immersing yourself in Ottoman sights, explore the vibrant neighborhoods of the city, like trendy Kadıköy, filled with cozy coffee shops and independent art galleries, or hunt for antiques in Fener and Balat. You can also use Istanbul as a starting point for day trips to the wine region of Thrace or the charming coastal villages along the Black Sea.

23. Athens, Greece

The monument-rich capital of Ancient Greece

In Greece, ancient monuments abound, but Athens is home to the most remarkable and iconic of them all. Perched high on a rocky hill, the Acropolis stands as a symbol of ancient Greek glory, featuring the elegant Parthenon and the grand 17,000-seat Theatre of Dionysos. Other notable ruins scattered throughout this dynamic city include the Temple of Olympian Zeus and two agoras (marketplaces)—one Greek and one Roman—alongside exceptional museums.

Once you've taken in the architectural wonders, indulge in Athens’ culinary delights by tasting local specialties like lukumades (crispy dough balls) and souvlaki kebabs. The city boasts beautiful beaches, and stunning pine-covered islands, ancient sites, and rugged hiking trails are just a day trip away. However, be mindful of the heat—recent summers have seen rising temperatures attributed to climate change, leading to temporary closures at key attractions.

24. Schloss Neuschwanstein, Germany

A fairy-tale castle in a dreamlike setting

Perched amid the Alpine foothills in southeastern Germany's Bavaria, the 19th-century Schloss Neuschwanstein appears to materialize from a child's fantasy of a fairytale castle. Its slender turrets, towering walls, and breathtaking backdrop render it one of Europe’s most iconic landmarks – in fact, it inspired the castle in Disney's Cinderella. Located near Füssen, the castle lies at the southern terminus of the Romantic Road, making it an ideal stop on a scenic road trip through Germany.

25. Greek Islands, Greece

Whitewashed Mediterranean hamlets overlooking a turquoise sea

No matter where you arrive, the Greek Islands captivate you instantly. Whether you seek sun-soaked beaches, warm waters, rich history, or vibrant nightlife, you’ll easily discover your own paradise. While popular destinations like Santorini and Mykonos can feel overcrowded, numerous islands await with unique, off-the-beaten-path experiences. Consider the verdant Ionian Islands or the remote Dodecanese. Whichever sun-kissed isle you choose, an unforgettable adventure awaits. Take the time to craft the ideal island-hopping journey and identify the islands that suit you best.

26. Ring of Kerry, Ireland

A rugged and historic Irish road adventure

There’s truly nothing like Ireland – and within its borders, the Ring of Kerry stands out uniquely. This 179km (111-mile) scenic drive encircles the Iveragh Peninsula, showcasing the essence of the Republic of Ireland in one unforgettable journey. Untamed, rocky landscapes border secluded beaches, hauntingly beautiful ruins overlook the crashing Atlantic waves, and majestic mountains loom over quaint villages and islands that could only exist in Ireland.

27. Oslo, Norway

Scandinavia’s gateway to the fjords

Oslo is striving to establish itself as Europe’s hub of modern elegance, despite fierce competition from neighboring Copenhagen and other Nordic cities. The city’s striking Opera House resembles an iceberg floating in a fjord, public art flourishes as a beloved pastime, and its exceptional museums showcase everything from the Viking era to Norway's current state of progressive enlightenment. It’s a destination to be valued for its numerous attractions, rather than just a stopover en route to the fjords.

What’s the ideal season for a European getaway?

With its vast expanse, the optimal time to explore Europe will depend on your desired destinations and your comfort level with varying temperatures and crowds.

Traveling to Europe in the summer

July and August mark the peak tourist season in Europe, especially in popular destinations like France, Italy, Spain, and Greece. Recently, Mediterranean areas have experienced intense heat and wildfires during summer, leading to the temporary closure of famous sites like the Acropolis in Athens due to extreme temperatures. In France, southern regions are flooded with tourists, while locals embark on their summer holidays, resulting in many businesses shutting down in August, including those in Paris.

Summer is an ideal time to explore the cooler northern parts of Europe, such as Scandinavia, where long daylight hours and pleasant temperatures create perfect conditions for outdoor activities. The midnight sun allows for bright evenings extending into the early morning. Throughout the continent, summer sees peak accommodation prices, making early bookings essential.

Traveling to Europe in spring and fall

Spring (April to May) and early autumn (September and October) are excellent times for a European visit, although spring school breaks and Easter can lead to crowds and disruptions in various locations. While visitor numbers and prices are lower than in peak summer, places like Italy remain popular year-round. Fortunately, many European destinations are perfect for a spring getaway or autumn retreat.

Traveling to Europe in winter

In the winter season, ski resorts across the Alps and various European mountain ranges fill with winter sports enthusiasts, while Christmas markets attract shoppers in major cities. However, this cold season can lead to the closure of attractions reliant on summer tourism, including some Greek islands. For those seeking winter sunshine, many travelers turn to warm islands like the Balearics, the Canaries, and Malta.

Is it possible to visit several countries in Europe during my trip?

Europe, with its numerous land borders, is perfect for exploring multiple countries—just ask the countless backpackers and Interrailers who have journeyed through it by road, rail, and bike. The extent of your European adventure depends on your available time and how tightly you want to schedule your itinerary.

Continental Europe boasts a robust rail network, and the revival of night trains is making travel even more sustainable compared to flying. Travelers can also use the Eurostar to connect from continental Europe to Great Britain, which is far more convenient than flying!

It's important to note the immigration regulations of the Schengen Area, which encompasses most continental European countries. If you need to apply for a Schengen Visa, it allows you to visit several nations within the Schengen Area, but only for a maximum of 90 days within any 180-day period. If you hold a passport from an EU country, you can travel across Europe with minimal restrictions.