Getting Around in Tanzania

Most visitors to Tanzania come to experience the beauty of the African wilderness, so the well-maintained roads of the popular Northern Circuit connect key destinations like the Serengeti, Ngorongoro Crater, Kilimanjaro National Park, and various wildlife reserves.

Outside of these popular regions, overland travel can be slow and less comfortable. Many travelers opt for flights to cover long distances, especially when reaching remote lodges and tented camps in Tanzania's national parks, though this can be quite pricey.

For those looking for more budget-friendly options, buses are a great alternative. In cities and towns, community minibuses (dalla dalla), motorcycle taxis (boda boda), and tuk-tuks (bajaji) are all more affordable than standard taxis. Additionally, there are trains on Tanzania's limited rail network, as well as boats connecting the islands in the Indian Ocean and towns along Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika.

Many adventurous souls choose to rent a 4WD vehicle for self-driving, but be aware that driving conditions and crime can pose challenges. Roads outside major urban areas are often unpaved and can be difficult to navigate—so manage your expectations about daily travel distances. Here's a guide to the best transportation options in Tanzania.

Flying is the quickest way to travel around Tanzania

Tanzania boasts three international airports that are well-connected by various international and regional airlines, particularly with strong links to other African countries and the Gulf region. Julius Nyerere International Airport in Dar es Salaam serves as the busiest international gateway, offering connections to regional airports and private airstrips throughout Tanzania.

Kilimanjaro International Airport, known as the 'Gateway to Africa’s Wildlife Heritage,' is located between Arusha and Moshi in Hai District. It receives flights from several European and Middle Eastern countries, along with local flights and charters to northern Tanzania's national parks.

Abeid Amani Karume International Airport in Zanzibar welcomes travelers seeking pristine beaches, clear skies, and warm ocean waters, with numerous connections to African capitals, the Middle East, and seasonal flights from Europe.

Domestic airlines in Tanzania, like Air Tanzania and Coastal Aviation, offer daily flights from major cities to popular destinations such as Arusha, Zanzibar, Mafia Island, Mwanza, Pemba Island, and Iringa. Smaller towns and islands may have less frequent flights serviced by small aircraft with limited baggage allowances.

Flying Tip for Tanzania: Many luxury safari lodges feature their own airstrips and utilize private charter services to transport guests, allowing them to bypass long road journeys. These fares are usually included in your total cost, but charter airlines often impose a 15kg baggage limit per passenger and recommend soft-sided luggage instead of hard suitcases.

Rent a 4WD for an independent adventure in Tanzania

Tanzania boasts a vast road network stretching nearly 90,000 km (56,000 miles), yet only about 15% of these roads are paved. If you're undeterred by local driving conditions, a road trip with friends can be a delightful way to discover the country.

Since road conditions can rapidly decline outside major towns, renting a Land Cruiser or similar 4WD with a driver is advisable. Your driver will serve as an informal guide and will be more adept at navigating the bumpy, pothole-riddled roads of Tanzania.

Car rental services in key cities like Dar es Salaam and Arusha start at around US$50 per day for basic 2WD vehicles, while 4WD rentals begin at over US$150 per day. Insurance is an additional cost, and hiring a driver will typically add another US$30 to US$50 daily. Most rental companies also provide roadside assistance in case of mechanical issues.

You’ll need to show your driver’s license when renting. Most agencies accept licenses from your home country as long as they're in English; otherwise, bring an International Driving Permit. You can also rent a 4WD with camping equipment for national park trips, but it’s best to avoid driving at night due to potholes and roaming wildlife. Even during the day, you may encounter wild animals and children unexpectedly crossing the road, which can pose a challenge.

Car Rental Tip for Tanzania: When parking in towns, car guards or attendants will watch over your vehicle for a small fee, and they’ll provide a ticket to display on your windshield. Always avoid leaving valuables in your car, and keep your doors locked while driving in town to minimize the risk of theft.

Taxis and ride-sharing services are convenient for short city trips and airport transfers.

You can easily find taxis at most airports, bus stations, train stations, and shopping centers within city limits. Tanzanian taxis are typically white or have white license plates and can be hailed from the street, though it's often best to have your hotel or restaurant concierge arrange one for you.

Alternatively, Uber has established a strong presence in Tanzania, making ride-sharing a simple option. Many hotels and lodges also offer shuttle services to transport you to and from the airport and other transit hubs.

Taxi Tips for Tanzania: Tanzanian taxis do not use meters, so always agree on a fare before getting in. At the airports in Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar, taxi associations provide posted fare lists to popular destinations as a helpful reference.

Buses provide an affordable mode of transportation in Tanzania

For those on a budget, Tanzania boasts a vast bus network that reaches nearly every destination accessible by road. The John Magufuli Bus Terminal in Dar es Salaam handles around 3,000 buses daily, serving all corners of the nation. Buses can be quick on major intercity routes but may move slowly on smaller roads, with frequent stops along the way.

Numerous bus companies operate routes from Dar es Salaam to coastal areas and towns across Tanzania, as well as to border crossings with neighboring countries, including some international services to Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda. The quality of buses varies from old, rickety vehicles to luxurious ones equipped with air conditioning and restrooms, with all making regular stops for food and bathroom breaks. Reliable and comfortable options include Kilimanjaro Express, Shabiby Line, Dar Express, and Ratco Express.

Local buses are convenient for navigating large cities

To alleviate traffic congestion in Dar es Salaam, the Tanzanian government launched the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, allowing millions to bypass the city's infamous traffic jams. Buses travel in dedicated lanes, facilitating smoother movement—it's estimated that the BRT saves residents six days of travel time each year.

While the blue buses cover only certain areas of Dar es Salaam, they are ideal for exploring the city center. Look for ticket offices situated on elevated corridors along the roadway. Each bus displays its destination on the front, and route maps are available at every station.

Tip for bus travel in Dar es Salaam: Head to the third floor of the John Magufuli Bus Terminal to purchase your tickets. With numerous companies available, make sure to compare prices and schedules before booking. Be cautious of touts offering assistance; it's best to go to the ticket office yourself to ensure you pay the correct fare. The second floor features a waiting area and an indoor market where you can grab food, souvenirs, and charge your phone.

Trains provide a delightful and budget-friendly method to explore Tanzania

Taking the train is another cost-effective option for getting around Tanzania, though services may lack consistency. The Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC) operates a premium passenger service from Dar es Salaam to Kigoma on Lake Tanganyika in Western Tanzania, along with a limited commuter train service in Dar es Salaam.

The TRC operates several passenger services weekly from Dar es Salaam to Arusha via Moshi, to Mwanza via Tabora, and between Tabora and Mpanda. Check their website for the latest schedules. Opting for the higher fares of 1st and 2nd-class coaches, which include onboard catering and wi-fi, is advisable over the cramped seating-only 3rd-class options.

The Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) offers express and regular passenger services from Dar es Salaam to New Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia, passing through Mbeya and Tunduma. There are options for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-class tickets. To ensure a comfortable journey, it's best to book higher-class seats at least a day or two in advance.

Ferries and water taxis connect coastal islands and lakeside towns

Ferries and water taxis transport passengers between the mainland and the islands of Unguja (Zanzibar and Pemba), as well as among the various islands in the Zanzibar archipelago. Azam Marine is one of several companies providing service between Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar. Ferry tickets typically need to be purchased in US dollars. Chartered dhow cruises are also a popular option.

Numerous ferry services link towns along the shores of Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika (and occasionally Lake Nyasa), although routes can change frequently. Always travel during daylight on any ferry route in Tanzania and avoid sailing in adverse weather conditions.

Local transport is budget-friendly but often quite crowded

The dalla dalla – a shared minibus resembling a local bus service – is a common sight in Tanzania. These lively minibuses provide a great way to travel and immerse yourself in Tanzanian culture, although they can be quite crowded. It’s wise to avoid sitting in the front next to the driver due to the risk of collisions. While many dalla dalla follow set routes, they often stop anywhere to pick up or drop off passengers.

If you're in a hurry, consider hopping on a boda boda (motorcycle taxi). This is a quick and budget-friendly option, but it comes with risks. Drivers seldom provide extra helmets for passengers, and it's not uncommon for one driver to carry two riders at once.

For a safer local experience, try the bajaji, a highly practical transport option in Tanzania. These three-wheeled tuk-tuks, imported from India, are prevalent in urban areas, though you might not find them in rural regions. They can get quite dusty since the cab is partially open.

Local transport tips in Tanzania: Bring plenty of small change for your fare when using local transport, as drivers may not have change for large bills. Engage with locals to understand typical fares and negotiate your price before getting on the vehicle.

Transportation options that are accessible in Tanzania

Although dedicated facilities for travelers with disabilities are limited, the people of Tanzania are generally helpful and willing to assist whenever possible. Sidewalks often aren't wheelchair-friendly, but tour operators in Dar es Salaam and Arusha can arrange safaris for those with mobility challenges. Keep in mind that most hotels lack elevators and frequently have steps at the entrance. While many game lodges are situated at ground level, the paths can be rough and uneven. It's advisable to reach out to lodges in advance if you have specific needs.

For further details, check out Dinogo Planet's Accessible Travel Resources.