Ideal times to explore the stunning landscapes of Botswana

From the lush waterways of the Okavango Delta to the vast semi-arid expanses of the Kalahari Desert and the unique salt pans of Makgadikgadi, Botswana offers exceptional wildlife viewing throughout the year.

The optimal time for your Botswana visit hinges on your interests, the parks you wish to explore, and your budget. Are you eager to catch a glimpse of endangered African wild dogs, witness lion prides in action, or experience one of Africa's largest migrations? Maybe you dream of gliding through reed-lined waterways in a mokoro (traditional dugout canoe) or racing across sparkling salt flats on a quad bike? Would you prefer to steer clear of the crowds? Are you traveling with children?

Don't underestimate the intensity of heat and dust during the dry season, the risk of getting bogged down in mud when it rains, or the chill of cold desert nights. Yet, regardless of the season, the incredible wildlife and breathtaking scenery here are sure to leave you in awe.

The dry high season (June to October) is ideal for observing wildlife

The combination of exceptional wildlife viewing, arid conditions, and Northern Hemisphere school holidays makes July and August the peak months in Botswana. During June and July, campsites are often filled with safari enthusiasts from South Africa.

The dry winter season spans approximately from April to October, featuring endless blue skies, warm days, and chilly nights. The coolest months are June through August, with daytime temperatures around 25°C (77°F) and nighttime temperatures occasionally dropping below freezing, making for incredible stargazing in the Makgadikgadi Pan. This period also coincides with peak flooding in the Okavango Delta, where water levels can swell to three times their usual size. During the height of the dry season, wildlife gathers around these seasonal floodwaters and permanent sources like the Kwando and Chobe Rivers, and the roads are more navigable than during the rainy season. With no mosquitoes around, it's an excellent time for family outings.

Experience tiger fishing in September and October

Starting in September, the temperatures gradually rise, peaking in October when it can soar to 40°C (104°F).

During this period, the barbel run takes place in the Okavango Panhandle as water levels begin to fall after the winter floods. As the river recedes, barbel fish emerge, driving small baitfish out of the papyrus and cornering them against the reed beds in a frenzied feeding spree, attracting numerous hungry birds. The exact timing varies each year based on flooding conditions but generally occurs from September to October.

Take advantage of animal spotting at reduced prices during the shoulder season (April, May, and November).

The shoulder months signify a shift between the wet and dry seasons, resulting in unpredictable weather. However, Botswana remains rich in wildlife activity, and lodges often offer discounts, making this period an excellent value for travelers.

The low season (December to March) is ideal for lush scenery, the zebra migration, avid birdwatchers, and travelers on a budget.

Between December and March, the summer rains—referred to as the green season—bring high temperatures and heavy downpours, with January and February typically being the wettest months. This is the most affordable time to visit, although some lodges and camps may close, campsites can become muddy, and many roads may be impassable due to the weather.

With abundant vegetation and ample water sources, animals can roam widely, making them harder to spot. However, photographers will appreciate the dramatic skies and vibrant landscapes characteristic of this season.

The Kalahari comes alive as rain transforms the dry salt pans into lush grasslands, attracting zebras to Nxai Pan National Park. The annual zebra migration is a must-see event, and with many young herbivores present, the chances of predator-prey encounters are heightened. Birdwatchers should head to Botswana in December or March to catch sight of the beautiful summer migrants.

Visit Gaborone in March and April for a cultural experience

As summer begins to fade, the annual Maitisong Festival in Botswana's capital provides a perfect reason to enjoy local music, dance, and theater.

The thunderstorms of January are quite a spectacle

This green season is marked by high temperatures, sporadic rains, and excellent birdwatching opportunities, with some lodges offering discounts of nearly 50%. Expect warm days accompanied by frequent heavy rain showers, and enjoy the thrilling thunderstorms best from the safety of a tent with a drink. Chobe National Park experiences significant rainfall, while the Kalahari Desert, though hot, becomes lush with wildflowers, presenting chances to see newborn herbivores and numerous migratory birds.

February brings a vibrant transformation to the Kalahari

February often brings the heaviest rains, with extended downpours. While temperatures climb, the Kalahari flourishes, turning its dry salt pans into lush grasslands that attract herbivores. Don't miss witnessing the massive migration of Burchell's zebras from the Boteti River to Nxai Pan and Makgadikgadi National Parks.

Beware of mosquitoes in March

As summer winds down, rain showers become shorter and refreshing, with elephants foraging in the Okavango Delta, consuming fallen fruits. While water levels may be too low for mokoro canoeing, large herds of zebras still thrive in Makgadikgadi, offering great lion sightings. March remains hot and humid, making it a prime month for mosquitoes, particularly near lakes and rivers.

Notable event: Easter (date varies)

Nights start to cool down in April

As the showers fade, dry and sunny weather takes over, though you'll want to wear layers for early morning game drives and evenings by the campfire. Wildlife viewing begins to improve as the rains from Angola begin their journey to fill the delta. It's antelope mating season, so keep an eye out for males showing off and clashing horns to attract females.

Notable event: Easter (date varies)

May brings clear skies

With winter comes clearer skies and more moderate temperatures, but be ready for chilly nights, particularly in the Kalahari. Wildlife will be seeking permanent water sources, making it a great time to visit Moremi Game Reserve, which encompasses a third of the Okavango Delta, and Savuti in Chobe National Park. May is also an excellent time to visit nearby Victoria Falls, which will be roaring at its loudest.

Visit in June for a chance to see the elusive African wild dogs

By mid-June, visitor numbers and prices begin to rise. Days are typically warm and sunny, while nights can be quite cold. If you’re eager to spot African wild dogs, the denning season occurs from June to September, when these endangered animals remain close to their dens to care for the pups.

July marks the height of the peak season

Wildlife gathers around waterholes, but expect to share the experience with more vehicles. In private reserves and concessions, it’s also an excellent time for guided walking safaris to discover smaller flora and fauna. From July to September, it's the prime time to observe groups of meerkats in Makgadikgadi and enjoy remarkable stargazing.

Key events: President’s Day

August sees an influx of wildlife into the Okavango Delta

Days feature clear skies and rising temperatures, while nights can be quite cold, often falling below freezing. With water levels at their peak in the delta, a plethora of wildlife is drawn in, making it the ideal time to glide on a mokoro alongside thirsty elephant herds. Keep in mind that peak wildlife visibility comes with peak prices.

Plan your visit to coincide with the Nkashi Classic, an annual mokoro race that identifies the fastest poler in the Okavango Delta. The Botswana Wild Bird Trust launched this competition in Maun in 2018, featuring three categories: female, male, and veteran.

Key event: The Nkashi Classic

September brings dry weather and fantastic opportunities for wildlife observation

September brings dry, hot, and dusty conditions, but the clear skies and limited vegetation provide excellent visibility as wildlife gathers around the diminishing waterholes. Evenings begin to warm up, making it ideal for enjoying a sundowner by the campfire.

Key event: Botswana Day, also known as Boipuso

October brings intense heat

If you can handle the October heat in Botswana, spotting wildlife becomes easier, especially in the cool mornings and evenings. Look for large elephant herds near the Chobe River, hippos arguing over space, and predators lurking around the abundant prey near waterholes. While prices remain high, they tend to decrease towards the month's end. This is also when the barbel run occurs in the Okavango Panhandle, as water levels drop after the winter floods. As the water recedes, barbel fish drive small baitfish from the papyrus, creating a frenzied chase against the reed beds, attracting numerous hungry birds. This event typically takes place between September and October, depending on flood conditions.

Key event: Barbel Run

November marks the arrival of the rains.

As the first drops hit the parched African soil, the scent is unforgettable. The summer rainy season begins (though its timing can vary) with short but intense showers that transform the dry landscape into a lush green. This month also sees many herbivores giving birth, attracting the attention of local big cats. While temperatures cool slightly, it remains hot, so watch for well-fed lions dozing in the shade and leopards lounging in the trees. Additionally, prices tend to drop.

December brings the arrival of migratory birds.

Humid mornings give way to afternoon thunderstorms that temporarily cool the air. The rains bring the desert to life, nourishing young antelopes and giving them a better chance against the lurking lions, leopards, and cheetahs. This time also sees the arrival of migratory birds, including vibrant kingfishers, loud cuckoos, and colorful bee-eaters.

Key events: Christmas, New Year’s Eve