Top Ways to Travel Around Kenya

From the stunning national parks and breathtaking hikes to the warm coastal towns and the vibrant energy of Nairobi, there's so much to explore in Kenya.

Whether you opt for a taxi or jump into a matatu (minibus), navigating this beautiful country is quite manageable once you're familiar with your options.

For certain trips, consider traveling at a slower pace and in a more eco-friendly way. Sailing on a traditional dhow along the coast or taking the train from Nairobi to Mombasa are fantastic ways to experience the landscape more fully.

Check out our essential tips for getting around Kenya, from its beaches to the Masai Mara.

Buses serve nearly every town across Kenya.

An extensive bus network links both major and minor towns, particularly in western Kenya, with regular connections to the capital and coastal regions. Services become less frequent as you venture into northern Kenya. Numerous private companies offer bus services nationwide, and generally, these long-distance buses are comfortable, budget-friendly, relatively quick, and safe. Many of the newer buses feature reclining seats, and some provide wi-fi.

For safety reasons, it's advisable to schedule bus trips during daylight hours, aiming for morning departures on long journeys. Reliable companies include Modern, Dreamline, Coast Bus, and The Guardian Coach, but there are many more options, so inquire locally when planning your route, as your choice often depends on your specific destination.

Opt for a leisurely train journey for long-distance travel in Kenya.

If you have the time and are traveling between Mombasa and Nairobi, consider taking the train. The Madaraka Express runs three times daily, including a non-stop overnight option, with travel times ranging from five to six hours.

During the British colonial era, this route featured a sleeper train that took 15 hours. It earned the nickname 'Lunatic Express' due to the perilous conditions faced by workers during its construction, including attacks from wild animals and tropical diseases.

The train route traverses some of Kenya's most stunning landscapes, particularly through Tsavo East and Tsavo West national parks, offering glimpses of Kilimanjaro along the way.

You can also take the train from Nairobi to Nanyuki, which takes seven hours and passes through Thika, making it a picturesque route to the gateway town for excursions to Mt Kenya National Park. Additionally, the weekly Kisumu Safari Train departs Nairobi for Kisumu on the shores of Lake Victoria every Friday at 6:30 PM, returning on Sunday at the same time.

Matatus are shared minibuses operated by private owners.

While they may not be everyone's preferred transport option, matatus are the most common public transport choice for locals in Kenya, particularly in Nairobi, though they are gradually being replaced by larger, more regulated buses.

These privately owned minibuses depart only when they are full, which can sometimes lead to cramped conditions. However, if you’re fortunate enough to find a less crowded vehicle, it's an enjoyable way to travel short distances within Nairobi’s downtown and its suburbs. Fares are fixed and economical, payable directly to the driver or conductor on board.

Matatus are often vibrantly decorated, frequently featuring slogans or images of celebrities, and many play music loudly. Some even provide complimentary wi-fi and screen movies or music videos. Safety can be a concern: while there are seat belt regulations, they are not consistently enforced, and driving quality can vary significantly.

For your safety, it’s advisable to travel in a matatu with acquaintances and to use them only during daylight hours in urban areas. Always secure your luggage and keep valuables close. Avoid sitting in the front seat next to the driver due to potential collision risks.

For quicker trips around the city, opt for a shared taxi, also known as a Peugeot.

An alternative to matatus is the shared taxi or 'Peugeot.' These station wagons accommodate about seven to nine passengers and, like matatus, they depart only when full. The advantage is that they seldom get overcrowded and do not make stops between the starting and ending points. Shared taxis typically operate on fixed routes in northern and western Kenya.

Utilize ride-hailing apps for convenient transportation from one location to another.

Services like Uber, Bolt, and the local favorite Hava have become extremely popular in Kenya, particularly in urban areas like Nairobi. Be sure to download the app and create an account if you haven't already, and consider adding a payment card that doesn’t incur extra charges for international transactions, as fares will be displayed in Kenyan shillings.

With a large number of drivers available, these apps make it incredibly easy to find a ride, and you can share your trip details with friends or family for added safety. Uber has also introduced UberASSIST, which caters to passengers with disabilities, featuring drivers who can provide additional assistance and vehicles equipped for wheelchairs.

Consider taking a traditional taxi.

Taxis are readily available in major towns and cities. You can typically find them at taxi stands near tourist attractions, bus stations, and other important locations. However, they may not always use meters, so it's wise to agree on the fare beforehand. If possible, get an estimate of the cost for a trip from point X to Y by asking your accommodation or tour guide.

Taxis serve as an excellent alternative for longer trips instead of flying; for instance, if you're in Mombasa and want to reach Kilifi, Malindi, or Diani Beach, they provide the simplest solution. When costs are shared among several people, they can offer great value, along with the convenience of choosing your departure time and stopping when needed. At night, it's advisable to take a taxi back to your hotel in cities rather than walking.

Embark on a road trip with your own vehicle to access remote regions and national parks.

Driving in Kenya provides the ultimate freedom to explore at your own pace and make spontaneous stops. However, if you choose to navigate Kenya's roads, preparation is essential. You'll need an international driving license along with your national one, and most car rental companies require you to be at least 23 years old, with some insisting on a minimum age of 25. Familiarity with the vehicle is beneficial—4WDs are ideal for national park excursions where roads can be unpaved and tricky during rainy weather. Knowing how to change a tire is also useful, as roadside assistance may be slow in less-traveled areas.

All main highways departing from Nairobi are paved, and you'll find many surfaced single-lane roads. Being a confident driver is advantageous since the rules of the road often allow for personal discretion. For safety, limit driving to daylight hours in unfamiliar areas or regions with higher crime rates—though perceptions of danger may often exceed reality. Additionally, it's wise to avoid driving at night due to poor lighting and potential hazards like potholes and unpaved roads.

Consult the latest guidance from your government or local contacts at your accommodation regarding areas to avoid. Exercise caution when parking overnight—never leave valuables in your vehicle and opt for secure, monitored parking.

Safari operators can facilitate transfers to your next destination.

When booking an organized safari, it's beneficial to know that some companies handle transport between your starting and ending points, based on your route and distances. For instance, if you begin your journey in Nairobi, operators can arrange a transfer to Tsavo National Park, and then continue on to Mombasa for the beach part of your vacation after the safari. This can save time and reduce costs associated with booking separate taxis, flights, or vehicle transfers.

Experience the thrill of a boda-boda as you navigate through Kenyan traffic.

In most towns and cities in Kenya, especially where standard taxis are scarce, you'll encounter motorcycle taxis known as boda-bodas. These rides are inexpensive, adept at maneuvering through traffic, and widely available, though they come with safety concerns. Helmets are not always provided, and regulations are inconsistently enforced.

Boda-bodas are most suitable for those already comfortable riding motorbikes; it's advisable to travel during the day for personal safety and due to local road conditions. While most boda-boda drivers are responsible, the nature of this transport means you should remain vigilant if you're not a frequent rider.

Hop into a tuk-tuk for a fun ride.

Although not prevalent throughout Kenya, tuk-tuks (autorickshaws) can be found in abundance in Malindi, located north of Mombasa along the Indian Ocean coast. These covered, open-sided vehicles offer a unique way to get around, but if there's no meter, be sure to negotiate the fare with the driver. You'll also spot tuk-tuks in Nairobi, Mombasa, Diani Beach, and Nakuru.

Enjoy carbon-free travel along the coast aboard a dhow.

While not a conventional mode of public transport, taking a dhow (an ancient Arabic sailing vessel) is an unparalleled experience for exploring Kenya’s Indian Ocean coastline. This leisurely and serene journey allows you to truly appreciate the coastal lifestyle and the nearby islands.

You can arrange dhow trips from beach towns and resorts in Mombasa, Watamu, and Diani Beach, as well as from Lamu and Shela in the Lamu archipelago. For a more festive experience, consider a catered sailing or bring your own refreshments. Excursions can last from a couple of hours at sunset to a full day of visiting various beaches and bays.

Use the ferry to traverse rivers and access islands.

To journey between Mombasa Island and the mainland to the southwest, the ferry offers a picturesque route across the Likoni Channel, providing stunning views of the Indian Ocean. It's a favored option for those heading to the beach resorts of Diani and Galu, and the lively atmosphere allows for conversation with fellow travelers. Just be cautious with your belongings on the busy ferries.

Currently, five ferries are in operation: MV Nyayo, MV Harambee, MV Kilindini, MV Likoni, and MV Kwale, with plans to add more vessels. Passenger and bicycle crossings are free, while a small fee applies to vehicles and motorcycles.

Consider flying if you're short on time.

While not the most eco-conscious choice, numerous domestic airlines offer convenient connections between Nairobi, Mombasa, coastal towns like Malindi, the Lamu Archipelago, and smaller airports near national parks. Almost a dozen carriers, including Kenya Airways, provide service to these locations, with some flying to just a few popular parks such as the Masai Mara from Nairobi.

The affordability of domestic flights makes them a popular and often necessary option. For instance, current safety guidance from the UK government recommends air travel to the Lamu Archipelago instead of going through Lamu County. While buses, trains, or driving are better for some routes, several remote lodges can only be reached by chartered plane, which can be expensive.

Transportation accessibility in Kenya.

Traveling via public transport in Kenya can be challenging for individuals with mobility difficulties due to limited investment in infrastructure. However, improvements are gradually being made. Some rapid transit bus services now include wheelchair spaces, ramps for easier boarding, and priority seating for seniors, pregnant individuals, and others in need.

Uber has introduced UberASSIST in Nairobi, featuring drivers trained to assist individuals boarding vehicles equipped for folding wheelchairs and walkers. The support of local people can significantly enhance your travel experience in Kenya, depending on your specific needs.

For travelers with disabilities, organizing private transportation is generally more straightforward. Always communicate your requirements to the guide, travel agency, and driver, whether you need physical assistance, a ramp, extra storage, or safety clamps for securing wheelchairs. For additional details on accessible travel, check out Dinogo Planet's Accessible Travel Resources.

This article was fact-checked and updated by Helena Smith on 23 March 2023.