Top ways to travel around Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka boasts a stunningly diverse landscape. Majestic national parks offer thrilling safaris, unique coastlines hug the shores, and lush tea regions lie at the center.

Given this diversity, various transport methods exist. It's challenging to pinpoint a single 'best' way to travel through Sri Lanka; it largely depends on your location, destination, and personal preferences.

With few domestic flights available, the primary transport options include trains, buses, tuk-tuks, and private vehicles. Here’s what you need to know about each choice.

Enjoy a picturesque train ride connecting major towns and cities

Sri Lanka's key cities and towns are incredibly well-connected by train. Overall, it's a straightforward, convenient, and eco-friendly mode of transport. While delays can happen, they're a risk found in travel everywhere. Ignoring travel forum warnings about train delays means missing out on one of the most efficient, relaxing, and scenic ways to explore Sri Lanka, while also avoiding frustrating city traffic.

As the financial capital, Colombo serves as a central transport hub, with trains departing to various destinations across the country. Routes extend eastward to Kandy and into Nuwara Eliya, a town nestled in tea country, while trains heading north connect to Anuradhapura and Jaffna.

Certain train journeys are so breathtaking that they become attractions in their own right. The six-hour trip from Kandy to Ella, winding through seemingly endless tea plantations, ranks among the world’s best train routes. Conversely, a newly renovated line from Colombo to the historic city of Galle runs along the western coast, offering stunning views of the Indian Ocean.

Sri Lanka's train system features three classes of travel. First-class tickets may include beds, while other classes provide spacious seating with large windows, ideal for sightseeing. Reservations can be made, but it's wise to book early as seats tend to fill up quickly.

For those sensitive to heat, first-class compartments are air-conditioned, and second-class cabins typically have fans. Tickets for first and second class can generally be reserved at train stations up to 30 days ahead. Alternatively, you can also buy them through a local travel agent. Third-class seating operates on a first-come, first-served basis, and passengers without a seat will need to stand.

When trains aren’t available, consider taking the bus

In Sri Lanka, buses bridge the gaps where train services fall short, providing connections throughout the nation. Both public and private bus options are available.

If you have some time, are budget-conscious, and don’t suffer from motion sickness, public buses—including those operated by the Sri Lanka Transport Board (SLTB) and Central Transport Board (CTB)—are a great choice. They are the most economical transport option in Sri Lanka, albeit lacking in comfort. The rides can be quite adventurous—bumpy, often filled with loud music, without air conditioning, and with open windows.

If you are prone to motion sickness and willing to spend a bit more, consider choosing a private bus. While their condition and age can vary, they typically offer comfortable coaches or minibuses equipped with air conditioning. Private buses also tend to provide more direct routes to attractions that are further away.

Tip for purchasing bus tickets: Finding your bus and buying tickets can sometimes feel like a treasure hunt. At bus stations, look for an information desk where staff can assist you in locating the correct departure point. If you can't find help there, ask a local or check the destination signs displayed on the fronts of the buses.

For both public and private buses, fares are usually paid on board, either to the driver or the conductor. Some smaller private bus companies might sell tickets just outside the bus.

Use a tuk-tuk for quick trips

Tuk-tuks, or motorized rickshaws, are a staple form of transport, ideal for short journeys. From bustling cities to quaint towns, tuk-tuks are widely available throughout Sri Lanka. Be sure to negotiate and confirm the fare with the driver before starting your ride, then relax and soak in the vibrant atmosphere—especially the sounds and scents—unmatched by any other transport mode.

Think about renting a private car with a driver

The easiest way to navigate Sri Lanka is by hiring a private driver. This option gives you greater flexibility in crafting a personalized road trip itinerary.

One of the perks of having a private driver is their local expertise. You’ll gain insights about Sri Lanka that you might miss on a larger tour. Many drivers can also suggest places to visit, foods to try, and activities to enjoy, potentially introducing you to more off-the-beaten-path locations.

If you wish to arrange a driver beforehand, reach out to your accommodation for local recommendations. Travel agencies can also help you find someone who fits your needs.

Self-driving is not advisable

You can rent a car or motorbike in Sri Lanka if you possess an International Driving Permit, though this isn't a common option for travelers. Heavy traffic in urban areas and poor road conditions in rural regions make it safer for visitors to use public transport and local drivers, unless they are exceptionally skilled and confident. If you choose to drive or rent a motorbike, we suggest doing so in less congested areas.

Weather can impede road travel

Be aware of Sri Lanka’s two monsoon seasons: the northeast monsoon from September to March and the southwest from May to August. Intense rainfall can hinder all forms of travel, particularly on dirt roads that may become waterlogged, washed out, and hazardous. During monsoon seasons, relying on trains is a safer option, but keep in mind that some train windows can be tricky to shut, so you might end up a bit damp.

It's beneficial to check if your visit aligns with any local festivals or significant events, as certain areas may experience a surge in visitors, leading to increased road traffic and higher demand for public transport tickets.

Accessible transportation in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is making strides in enhancing accessibility, but many poorly maintained roads and sidewalks lacking ramps present challenges for travelers with mobility issues. For wheelchair users, private cars and vans are the best options, as buses generally lack wheelchair access, and only a few trains offer this feature. Consult local tour operators for practical advice on accessible transport options.