Your essential guide for first-time travelers to India

Vibrant, bustling, and filled with contrasts – all the stereotypes about India hold true, along with the experiences of culture shock and sensory overload. This vast nation boasts a myriad of cultures and traditions across its expanse. As you navigate the dynamic cities, you'll encounter a mix of skyscrapers and slums, and yes, cows do roam the streets. Yet, it’s also home to stunning mountains, picturesque beaches, arid deserts, and lush forests, alongside magnificent palaces, breathtaking heritage sites, lively urban centers, and charming villages. 

The capital, Delhi, captivates with its historical landmarks and grand atmosphere, while Mumbai, the financial hub, enchants with its multicultural energy and vibrant art scene. Don’t miss the iconic Taj Mahal in Agra and the regal palaces and forts of Rajasthan, known for its unparalleled hospitality. For sun and sand, Goa is the destination of choice, while the tranquil backwaters and Ayurveda experiences of Kerala await in the south. 

A word of advice – don’t try to see it all. It could take a lifetime (and then some) to explore every corner of India. Focus on one or two regions during your first visit, and plan to return for more adventures.

When is the ideal time to visit India?

Due to its immense size and diverse landscape, India's climate varies significantly, making the best time to visit contingent on where you intend to go. In the north, summers are dry while winters can be extremely cold. 

In the western and eastern regions, it tends to be hot and humid for much of the year, while the south offers a more temperate but wet climate. The monsoon season, typically from June to September, can complicate travel across most of the country, yet it’s the prime time to explore the high-altitude region of Ladakh. This season also marks the onset of India's vibrant festivals, so if you're eager to witness the colorful Rath Yatra of Lord Jagannath in Puri, Odisha, the grand celebration of Ganesh Chaturthi in Mumbai, or the exciting boat races in Kerala, this is the perfect time to visit. 

Generally, the winter months of the northern hemisphere (December to March) offer the best opportunity to explore India's major attractions. However, this is also peak season for travel, so expect crowds and higher costs, especially in Rajasthan, Goa, and Kerala. The shoulder season from October to November is a favorable alternative, particularly for trekking in the Himalayan foothills or experiencing the dazzling festival of Diwali with its lights and fireworks, or attending the annual Camel Fair in Pushkar. Since most festivals in India follow the lunar calendar, be sure to check the dates before finalizing your plans.

How long should I stay in India?

India is not suited for a quick weekend getaway or even a brief 4 to 5-day trip; you’ll need at least five days to explore the famed Golden Triangle of Delhi, Jaipur, and Agra. If you add another Rajasthan destination, like the enchanting lakes of Udaipur or the golden sands of Jaisalmer in the Thar Desert, along with a few days in Mumbai and/or Goa, you’re looking at around 10 days. Ideally, extend your trip to two weeks to truly savor the experience. 

For first-time travelers with the luxury of time, three weeks would be perfect to truly immerse yourself in India. This timeframe allows you to venture south to Kerala and perhaps to Bengaluru, known for its vibrant dining scene, brewpubs, and specialty coffee culture. From there, embark on a road trip to the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hampi to marvel at the stunning ruins of one of India’s greatest empires. Conclude your journey with a day or two in Puducherry (Pondicherry), a former French colony that beautifully blends Tamil culture with French elegance. 

Is getting around in India easy?

Most major cities in India boast international airports, including Delhi, Mumbai, Jaipur, Kochi, and Goa (which features two airports). These are well-served by direct and connecting flights from North America, Europe, the Middle East, Australia, and beyond. 

India has an extensive domestic airline network, making most cities just a short flight away. The country’s vast railway system is also an excellent way to travel between cities and smaller towns, particularly for overnight trips. Trains offer various classes at different price points, including chair cars, sleeper cars, and both AC and non-AC options. Inter-city buses, operated by state and private companies, provide another economical option, with many overnight services featuring sleeper accommodations. 

While renting a car can be convenient, it tends to be more costly. India has a network of expressways, national highways, and state roads, but road conditions can vary, and traffic rules are often disregarded. Therefore, it’s wise to hire a driver rather than drive yourself (note that India drives on the left). In cities, public transport options include buses, trains, and metro systems (with Kolkata being the only city featuring a functioning tram service, albeit a slow one). Taxis and autorickshaws are readily available, as well as rideshare apps like Uber and its Indian counterpart Ola. 

Most Indian cities are not very walkable, except for certain neighborhoods in larger urban areas. Additionally, depending on your location, the combination of heat, humidity, pollution, and chaotic traffic can make walking long distances quite uncomfortable. 

Must-see activities in India

With so much to see and do in this vast country, narrowing down your itinerary can feel daunting; in fact, the list of top experiences in India could fill pages. Nonetheless, first-time travelers should definitely include these highlights.

Admire the Taj Mahal – under the moonlight

A symbol of Incredible India, the Taj Mahal in Agra is a must-see. This stunning marble mausoleum was commissioned by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz. It looks breathtaking at any hour, but especially enchanting at night. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) office on Mall Road offers nighttime visit tickets on full moon nights; you can purchase them in person 24 hours in advance, and you'll need to present your passport as identification.

Experience a night under the stars in Rajasthan’s Thar Desert

As India’s largest state, Rajasthan boasts some of the most magnificent forts and palaces in the nation. Yet, beyond the vibrant cities lies the vast Thar Desert, featuring rolling sand dunes that soar over 50m (164ft) high. Jaisalmer serves as your entry point to Sam Sand Dunes (40km/25 miles west), where you can embark on a camel safari, witness a breathtaking sunset, and enjoy an overnight stay in one of the desert camps set up near the dunes.

Sail through Kerala's backwaters on a houseboat

The backwaters of Kerala present a lush, green landscape interwoven with palm-lined canals and rivers, punctuated by tranquil villages. Here, houseboats navigate the waterways, and you can opt for a half-day cruise or an overnight journey; you might stop at local villages, learn to fish, or simply admire the shifting scenery while enjoying freshly-prepared meals onboard. Most cruises commence from Alappuzha (Alleppey), a quaint town located south of Kochi; it's advisable to inspect the quality of houseboats before booking.

Discover the wild on a safari adventure

India's lush forests are alive with wildlife, featuring tigers and leopards in the northern and central regions, lions in Gujarat, rhinos in Assam, and elephants in Karnataka. With over 100 national parks in India, safari experiences are available throughout much of the year (excluding the monsoon season). Late summer is particularly ideal for spotting wildlife, as the big cats emerge in search of water. Safaris are carefully managed by government and forest authorities, and can be booked online or through your accommodation.

My top recommendation for things to do in India

As a self-proclaimed city enthusiast, I sometimes crave a break from the hustle, bustle, and pollution. Fortunately, India has numerous serene options, from quaint villages to breathtaking natural landscapes. Balance your urban adventures with a peaceful countryside retreat. For instance, if you're in Rajasthan, venture from Jaipur to Ranthambhore National Park to catch a glimpse of tigers in their natural habitat, or take a village safari from Jodhpur to experience rural life. From Mumbai, discover India’s wine region by visiting several wineries around Nashik, where tastings and vineyard stays await. For the thrill-seekers, Uttarakhand at the foothills of the Himalayas offers high-altitude treks, river rafting, and even skiing.

What’s the budget for traveling in India?

Regardless of whether you travel on a budget or seek luxury, India caters to all. Generally, food is quite affordable unless you're exclusively dining at upscale establishments, which are plentiful. Basic accommodations can be found at reasonable rates, though you might encounter varying hygiene levels. On the opposite end, there are lavish hotels with premium prices that provide top-notch service and amenities.

• Standard room for two: ₹1000–1500 (US$12–US$18)
• Room for two in a mid-range hotel: ₹20,000–50,000 (US$240–US$600)
• Self-catering apartment (including Airbnb): ₹2000–5000 (US$25–US$60)
• Public transport fare: ₹10–50 (US$0.15–US$0.60)
• Coffee: ₹150–400 (US$2–US$5)
• Vegetarian thali at a casual eatery: ₹150–400 (US$2–US$5)
• Dinner for two at a fine dining restaurant: ₹3000–5000 (US$35–US$60)
• Beer/pint at a bar: ₹200–500 (US$2.50–US$6)

Is it safe to travel in India?

Sadly, street harassment is a prevalent issue in India, reflecting a broader concern for women's safety in public areas. Experiences such as unwanted glances, cat-calling, and groping are frequent, with the potential for serious assault. Stay vigilant, take precautions, and avoid walking alone in deserted areas, especially at night. Reject food or drinks from strangers and never share a taxi or rickshaw with anyone besides the driver. Women using public transport should choose designated train carriages or reserved seating.

Is it necessary to dress conservatively?

While tank tops and shorts might be acceptable in places like Goa and Mumbai, it’s generally recommended to dress modestly, covering your arms and legs. Opt for loose cotton or linen pants and long-sleeved tops. When entering temples and religious locations, you might also need to cover your head and shoulders, so keep a dupatta or scarf handy. Always remove your shoes before entering temples or homes unless instructed otherwise.

What vaccinations do I need before traveling to India?

While no vaccinations are officially required, it is generally advisable to get immunized against diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis A and B, polio, and typhoid, along with childhood vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella.

You might also want to consider vaccinations for Japanese B encephalitis, meningitis, and rabies. Given the prevalence of malaria in India, consult your healthcare provider about taking anti-malarial medication. Always take mosquito precautions: wear long sleeves and pants, use mosquito repellent, consider a plug-in mosquito killer, and sleep under a mosquito net. Don't forget to secure travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and hospital stays.

Is it safe to drink tap water and eat street food?

Tap water in India is not safe to drink, so avoid using it for drinking or brushing your teeth, including ice in beverages. Most hotels and restaurants provide filtered water, and bottled water is widely available. Avoid raw foods such as salads and dishes with coriander chutney that may have been washed with contaminated water. While street food like chaat, especially pani puri, can be tempting, it’s safer to enjoy it at restaurants instead; your stomach will thank you later.