Your Ultimate Guide to Relocating Abroad — 15 Essential Steps

A mere vacation to your dream destination isn’t enough anymore. You crave the experience of living there full-time, savoring your favorite dishes, exploring beloved sights, and immersing yourself in that environment every day. If you’re truly ready to take the plunge and relocate, we’re here to assist you. While your friends can provide emotional support, we’ll guide you through the practicalities of moving to a new country.

There are indeed strategies to streamline this entire process. To get you started, we’ve compiled nine vital steps every prospective expat should follow before leaving their homeland, regardless of their next destination.

Begin saving for your relocation — and add an extra 10% for good measure.

Relocating even a short distance can be costly, but imagine multiplying that expense tenfold for a move across the globe. Global living expenses encompass standard items like housing deposits, moving services, and transportation, along with additional costs such as visa fees, international insurance, and potentially hiring a lawyer for assistance.

The classic advice of having six months' worth of savings rings especially true here, but that should really be considered a minimum when planning an international move. Start by investigating exchange rates and the cost of living in your new city, then use your income to create a feasible monthly budget for your relocation. Aim to save six months’ worth of that budget prior to your move, so you’re prepared for any unexpected expenses.

Submit your passport application or renewal as soon as possible.

A valid passport is essential for applying for a visa. Many countries mandate that your passport remains valid for at least six months beyond your intended departure date. If your passport expires while you’re overseas and you don’t have a confirmed return date, you can renew your passport at the nearest U.S. Embassy or consulate.

Discover your new residence.

Whether you have a specific city in mind or are exploring your options, choosing where to live is one of the most exciting aspects of moving abroad. If you've fallen for a country, and can envision yourself thriving in its bustling capital or relaxing by the coast, take some time to explore what each potential city offers. Consider the lifestyle you desire, along with factors like city size, public transport, and healthcare facilities.

If you know your exact destination, you'll still need to secure a place to live. If renting, begin by looking into popular online listings and connecting with local rental agencies. It might be tricky to finalize a rental agreement before arriving, so you may want to book a hotel or Airbnb for the first week and conduct a thorough search once you're there. If you intend to buy a home, plan a trip ahead of time and work with a realtor to compare options and view properties in person.

Get your family ready for the relocation.

If you're not moving alone, but with your partner, children, or pets, there's likely more preparation involved. Besides the additional paperwork, you'll need to consider their future in your new country. Investigating job opportunities for your partner and educational options for your kids is crucial before fully committing to the move. Fortunately, your pets’ routines will probably remain unchanged, but be sure to look into how you'll transport them.

Submit your visa application.

Obtaining a visa can be one of the most anxiety-inducing aspects of relocating abroad, as there’s always a chance of denial for various reasons. To reduce that risk, consult your destination’s official government website for the necessary supporting documents for your application and make sure everything is in order. For instance, if you’re applying for a student visa in the United Kingdom, you'll need to submit your university offer letter and evidence of sufficient funds to support yourself during your studies. You may also have to schedule an appointment at a U.S. Department of Homeland Security application support center to provide your biometrics (like fingerprints and a photo). Ensure you give yourself ample time to gather these documents before your visa interview to minimize stress.

Understand that this process won't be simple.

If you find it challenging to remain patient with bureaucratic processes at home, imagine doing it backwards and in heels—navigating a foreign government in another language. While it's possible to handle the visa application and residency process on your own, it can be challenging, and you’ll likely encounter conflicting information regarding the necessary forms and where to submit them. If your stay abroad is only for a short duration, such as three to six months, you may be able to keep your tourist status without needing a visa.

If you're facing a more complex visa situation due to a potential permanent move, consider seeking assistance from an immigration attorney in your destination country. For those applying for a student visa, this service may be available through your chosen school. If possible, obtain personal recommendations and make sure to read reviews and testimonials before making a commitment.

Consider your health care options.

Health care systems differ widely across the globe, and your access may vary based on your visa type. Before departing, check if your current health insurance will cover you abroad. Additionally, request your medical records from your health care providers and ensure you’re up to date on all required vaccinations. You can discover which vaccinations are necessary worldwide here. Also, verify whether your prescription medications are allowed in your new country and if they are readily available. If they aren't, be sure to bring an extra supply or find alternative options for obtaining them.

Upon arriving in your new country, it’s wise to quickly familiarize yourself with the local health care system and determine how your visa status affects your access. For instance, in Portugal, you must have a residency card to obtain a health number, which grants you entry into the national health care system, but proper procedures must be followed first.

Sign up for STEP.

Stay updated by joining the U.S. Embassy's Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive timely information about safety conditions in your new country. Your registration will also assist the U.S. Embassy in quickly reaching you in case of emergencies, whether due to natural disasters or personal matters.

Conduct thorough research.

Even if you're somewhat acquainted with your destination, extensive research is crucial for a successful relocation. Consider the following questions as you plan for your move:

Shipping, Storage, or Selling

Will you be shipping your items to your new home or storing them back in your home country? It's essential to evaluate the logistics and expenses associated with each option, which can quickly add up to thousands of dollars. If you're making a long-term move, you might also consider selling your belongings. For those moving abroad with just two suitcases and a carry-on, start looking into where you can acquire essentials like furniture, bedding, kitchen gadgets, and utensils. (Having recently relocated from the U.S. to Europe, I advise against shipping large items. I sent a small crate of personal belongings from the U.S. in July 2021, and as of now, it still hasn't arrived. In short, declutter your life and only bring along items that truly spark joy.)

Consider your transportation options.

Will you be driving, or is public transport available near your new home? If you plan to drive, think about the advantages and disadvantages of shipping your vehicle, purchasing a new one, or renting. Depending on the country you move to, you might need to obtain an International Driving Permit (IDP) prior to your relocation (and possibly a new driver's license afterwards). Be sure to check the local driving laws, as in many cases, the IDP is valid for only a limited time. For instance, in Spain, there's a six-month grace period after becoming a resident before you must begin the process of obtaining a Spanish license, which includes taking a driving course and passing a test.

Embrace the culture.

Familiarize yourself with the culture before you move by exploring the history of your new home and understanding its government. Learn about social customs and etiquette, enjoy literature and films set in the country, and pick up a few basic phrases if you're moving to a place where the language is unfamiliar. Gaining insights into the culture can help mitigate culture shock and reduce social missteps. If you're not fluent in the language, consider taking classes or at the very least, download a language-learning app to help you adapt and connect with others.

Reach out to your bank.

According to the Expat's Manual, it’s wise to keep your existing bank account to preserve your credit score and facilitate direct payments for any ongoing bills or loans. Be sure to notify your bank and credit card provider about your relocation, and consider obtaining an international credit card to sidestep foreign transaction fees. Additionally, research banking options in your new city to understand the documentation needed to open a savings or checking account.

Set up a new phone plan.

When relocating abroad, staying connected is essential for managing your daily activities, and relying solely on free WiFi won't suffice. International phone plans can be expensive, so it's best to unlock your smartphone before you leave. Once you arrive, you can easily buy a local SIM card from a carrier and swap it into your phone for convenient local calling.

If you wish to retain your original phone number from home, think about switching to a virtual phone service like Grasshopper or a mobile virtual network provider such as Google Fi. These options allow you to manage your account online and monitor messages from contacts back home.

Reach out to your accountant.

Even if you’ve been living outside the U.S. for many years and haven't returned, all American citizens are required to file their taxes each year — often in addition to any taxes owed in their country of residence. However, there are various exemptions that you might qualify for, so it’s prudent to consult an accountant who can help you navigate the complexities of two different tax systems.

Create duplicates of essential documents.

Ensure you have backups of all crucial documents, such as your passport, driver's license, birth certificate, immunization records, and any visa details. These copies will be useful for residency appointments. If you prefer to store this information online, use a secure website with two-factor authentication to protect your identity.

Host a farewell party.

Say goodbye to your friends and family with a final celebration filled with all your favorite comfort foods, and get ready for the adventure of a lifetime. Encourage them to visit you in your new home, too. While it might tug at your heartstrings, remember that exciting new experiences await you that will bring unexpected joy.

Network with fellow expats.

Moving abroad can feel overwhelming, but you're not alone. Expats are among the friendliest individuals you'll meet during your journey. They're often eager to share valuable insights on navigating local bureaucracy and can recommend lawyers, accountants, and other essential services to help you adjust. While many online forums exist for expats, seek out groups specific to your city for in-person meet-ups, where you might make some new friends along the way!