10 Amazing Experiences to Enjoy in Kazakhstan

For adventurers, culture enthusiasts, and those seeking something entirely new, Kazakhstan is a destination worth considering.

This Central Asian nation is embracing its nomadic heritage while leveraging its rich oil resources to build a promising future, particularly evident in its strikingly modern cities. Visitors will encounter natural marvels like the dramatic cliffs and formations of Charyn Canyon, alongside cultural gems such as the impressive stone markers known as steppe balbals.

Here are 10 must-have experiences for any traveler’s itinerary in the ninth largest country in the world, currently a hidden gem.

1. Dive into Kazakh culture in Almaty

Nestled among mountains, Almaty embodies Kazakhstan’s rich heritage within its vibrant neighborhoods. Stroll through the lively Green Market, admire the stunning architecture of Zenkov Cathedral, and be drawn in by the spiritual presence of the Central Mosque’s minarets.

Beyond Almaty, reconnect with nature by taking a 4x4 adventure to witness the 12-million-year-old rock formations of Charyn Canyon. Alternatively, immerse yourself in the lush forests of the Kolsai Lakes region. For those intrigued by the unusual, the Singing Dune in Altyn-Emel National Park offers a mesmerizing natural phenomenon.

2. Enjoy the slopes at Shymbulak

Winter adventurers should not miss the runs at Shymbulak. Convenient daily buses from Almaty transport visitors to this resort, where ski gear, including skis, boots, and clothing, is available for rent at reasonable prices. While smaller compared to European resorts, Central Asian ski areas like Shymbulak provide gentle slopes perfect for average skiers, with classes starting at 20,000 tenge ($43) per hour for adults.

Ski touring can be an exciting winter escapade for those skilled in navigating challenging terrains. It’s crucial to plan routes, understand navigation, and interpret snow conditions. Always go with a guide familiar with the local snow conditions. Essential safety gear includes airbags and avalanche detectors, as mountain rescue services may be slow or unavailable.

3. Travel across the steppes on a night train

Kazakhstan boasts an extensive network of trains, ranging from vintage to modern. If you’re looking to travel between Almaty (the former capital) and Astana (the gleaming new capital), taking a night train is highly recommended. From your sleeper cabin or the dining car, you’ll witness the vast, unending steppe stretch out to the horizon. Be aware that seats in the dining car are in high demand; arrive a few minutes before it opens at 8 a.m. to secure a spot. Don’t miss out on trying the fried eggs or syrniki, which are delicious cottage-cheese pancakes.

Booking tip: Bottom bunk tickets tend to sell out quickly as they offer the ability to sit up comfortably and lie down. Make sure to book at least a week in advance to secure one.

4. Marvel at the ultra-modern city of Astana

Astana, with its bold and sparkling architecture emerging from the rugged steppe, has been Kazakhstan's capital since 1997. While few Kazakhs can claim to be 'from' Astana, all residents take pride in their avant-garde city. Explore its sleek, often reflective buildings on the Left Bank, then immerse yourself in the local culture by visiting the theater, the National Museum, or the former residence of poet Saken Seifullin.

Travel tip: Astana can be extremely cold outside the summer months. With the flat steppe offering no protection from the wind, winter temperatures can range from -10° to -17°C (14° to 1°F) on good days. If your visit isn't during summer, be sure to bring a heavy coat.

5. Reflect on Kazakhstan’s nomadic heritage through its balbals

As you travel along the Pavlodar highway, you may spot the stone sculptures known as balbals, which signify the burial mounds of ancient warriors and tribes. These human-shaped stone columns are crucial symbols of Kazakhstan’s nomadic past, intricately carved with elements like swords or bowls.

Visit the open-air museum near Yereimentau, located about 160km (100 miles) from Astana, where numerous balbals from the 4th and 5th centuries CE can be seen. This area, believed to have once been a Silk Road settlement, showcases the rich history of the Kazakh people.

6. Immerse yourself in the space race at the Baikonur Cosmodrome

The Baikonur Cosmodrome, once the hub of the Soviet space program, remains operational today. For space enthusiasts, this remote site offers an unforgettable opportunity: a five-day tour leading up to launch day. While the cost of €3000 may seem steep, the expertise of the guides and the excitement of witnessing a rocket launch firsthand make it a memorable experience.

Planning tip: Baikonur conducts about four tours annually. Book your spot as soon as you secure your flight tickets to Kazakhstan. It's essential to reserve at least two months in advance to allow for security clearance processing.

7. Recharge in Shymkent before venturing into the Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve

The historic caravan crossroads of Shymkent is now Kazakhstan’s third-largest city, renowned for some of the finest cuisine in the nation. From April to May, the mountains south of the city come alive with native wild tulips. Enjoy a day filled with shashlik (kebabs) and fresh mountain air.

Shymkent is conveniently located near the Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve, the oldest nature preserve in Kazakhstan. Visitors can only enter when accompanied by a guide or park ranger, so advance booking is essential. The vast park is home to eagles and vultures, and while deer and bears can be spotted, you're more likely to find their tracks. Most exploration occurs on horseback or foot, as the trails are best suited for these modes of travel.

8. Ride through the stunning eastern regions

Mount up to discover the verdant valleys and towering peaks of Katon-Karagay National Park, located near the borders of Russia and Mongolia, from an exhilarating perspective. The presence of horses can provide extra stealth for spotting elusive wildlife; in 2021, a camera trap revealed that the extremely rare snow leopard still roams this park.

Planning tip: Always ensure your horse is equipped with metal shoes to shield their feet from sharp rocks, and ask your groom to check for any saddle sores by removing the saddle. Ensuring a horse's fitness for the journey contributes positively to animal welfare standards.

9. Enjoy a lakeside hike

Located about six hours from Almaty at nearly 2000m (6560ft) elevation, Tuzkol Lake, known for its salty waters, provides a soothing float for weary muscles after mountain treks. This remote gem in the Tian Shan mountains is a favorite among nature enthusiasts, best explored in summer, whether with a driver or in your own 4x4.

The more accessible Kolsai Lakes, a series of stunning alpine lakes, offer a popular day trip from Almaty. The first lake is easily reachable and can become crowded on weekends, so lace up your hiking boots and trek to the second and third lakes for a quieter experience. For a complete nature retreat, consider spending the night in the nearby village of Saty.

Detour: While Kaindy Lake is close to Saty village, it’s trickier to access than the Kolsai Lakes. The brief hike is rewarding: the lake was created after a 1911 earthquake flooded the valley, leaving spruce trees forever trapped beneath the surface.

10. Wander through the Ustyurt Plateau

Starting from the Caspian city of Aktau, take a 4x4 to explore the Ustyurt Reserve, a stunning natural site located 350km (218 miles) deep into the barren steppe, perfect for introspection. In what may be one of the most desolate places on Earth, towering limestone and chalk pillars in shades of pink, blue, and white rise majestically into the sky.

During your visit, explore the remnants of the ancient city of Shakhr-i-Vazir, along with the Beleuli Caravanserai (fortress) and Allan Fortress, plus several mausoleums and underground mosques. The desert has reclaimed much of this historic Silk Road stopover.