16 essential insights before visiting Australia

As an Aussie living in New York during my early twenties, I was often bombarded with questions about my homeland. Some were hilarious, while others left me puzzled: “Do you really ride kangaroos to school?” “Are there drop bears lurking in the woods?” “Is Australian currency actually called ‘dollarydoos’?”

Australia can seem like a mystery to international travelers. It’s a land full of myths and misunderstandings, and the notion of it being a uniform country couldn’t be further from the truth. In reality, it's a vibrant tapestry of cultures and ethnicities, enriched by a profound Indigenous history that spans thousands of years. Australian cities are multicultural epicenters, contrasting sharply with the rugged image often depicted in films like Crocodile Dundee.

This plethora of misconceptions can complicate trip preparations for Australia. To help you distinguish truth from myth and ensure an enjoyable visit, here’s a local’s guide to Australia and its inhabitants, complete with essential tips on health, safety, and etiquette.

1. There isn’t a universally “right” time to visit Australia

Australia is nearly the same size as the United States, showcasing diverse landscapes from lush rainforests to snowy mountains. Weather can vary dramatically depending on your location and the season. The Northern Territory’s Top End stays warm year-round, with two main seasons: the wet and the dry. Conversely, New South Wales experiences everything from scorching summer days to freezing winter nights. Even temperatures in the Red Centre can swing from 3°C (37°F) to over 40°C (104°F) throughout the year.

When planning your trip, consider regional specifics and pack accordingly. For the best experience at Uluru, visit during the cooler months (May to September) to avoid sweltering heat while exploring the base. In Tasmania, coastal heathlands bloom from late October to early November, and food festivals take place from March to May. Winter brings snow to Tasmania and the mountainous areas of New South Wales and Victoria. Meanwhile, visitors can enjoy ocean activities along the East Coast throughout the year.

2. Set aside funds for your ideal Australian getaway

Australia isn’t typically regarded as budget-friendly, especially in cities like Melbourne and Sydney. Experiences like four-wheel driving on K’gari (formerly Fraser Island) or snorkeling in the Great Barrier Reef can be quite pricey, with tours often costing hundreds of dollars per person.

Nonetheless, with careful planning and a well-defined budget, you can stretch your money further. Many of Australia’s premier outdoor attractions are free, including scenic drives along the Great Ocean Road and swimming at Bondi Beach.

3. Venture outside the city to spot a kangaroo

Kangaroos aren’t often seen on the busy streets of cities, but you don’t have to venture deep into the bush to spot them. You can find them in suburban areas, such as golf courses, where they enjoy gathering on the greens.

Most kangaroo sightings typically occur during hikes or on road trips through regional areas, especially at dawn and dusk when they are most active. Staying on a farm is also an excellent way to experience more of Australia’s wildlife. (And yes, you can eat kangaroo—it’s quite tasty.)

4. Get ready to chat with strangers on the train

Australians are known for their friendliness and love for conversation. You might find someone striking up a chat with you on the train or stopping you on the street for a friendly “chinwag.”

Aussies are also recognized for their politeness. They’ll hold doors open, and if you happen to be in their path, they’ll step aside. As a visitor, it’s important to be aware of your surroundings and return the courtesy by holding a door or an elevator for someone—it’s a small gesture, but it makes a big difference.

5. Australians have their own distinct version of English

Australians are famous for their unique spin on the English language, and you'll encounter plenty of local slang. There are also regional differences, so someone from outback Queensland will sound different from a person from Brisbane.

“Arvo” means good afternoon, but don’t confuse it with “avo,” which stands for avocado. You purchase alcohol at the “bottle-o” and get your “petty” (petrol or gas) from the “servo” (service station). Many terms are shortened with an “o” or “ie” at the end. You’ll hear endearing terms like “mate” frequently, though phrases like “crikey” or “fair dinkum” are less common among younger folks.

One thing you can expect? Colorful language. Don’t be surprised or offended if you hear an Australian sprinkle a swear word into a conversation—it’s quite normal.

6. Australia boasts the oldest continuously living culture on the planet

The Indigenous population of Australia includes both Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders. This diverse population is not monolithic but is instead a vibrant mosaic of hundreds of distinct groups or “nations,” each possessing their own languages, histories, and cultural practices. Thus, not every group engages with the didgeridoo or utilizes a boomerang.

During your stay, you’ll have chances to learn about the traditional custodians of the land, with Aboriginal museums and art galleries spread throughout the country. Indigenous-led tours—such as those featured in the Discover Aboriginal Experiences collection—offer excellent insights into this rich culture.

7. The Great Barrier Reef is at risk – but it’s not “dead”

The Great Barrier Reef – arguably Australia’s most famous attraction – made headlines in 2016 when reports declared it “dead” due to coral bleaching events.

There’s no doubt that climate change has negatively impacted the Great Barrier Reef. Rising water temperatures, combined with pollution from land runoff and the increasing intensity and frequency of cyclones, have taken their toll on this delicate ecosystem.

Nevertheless, the Great Barrier Reef is more resilient than you might expect. It is far from lifeless. While you may notice signs of bleaching when you dive in, you’re just as likely to encounter vibrant corals bustling with life. More visitors are getting involved in reef restoration efforts, including participating in citizen science projects like Eye on the Reef.

8. It's perfectly normal to walk around barefoot

Be ready to see many Australians wandering barefoot, even in urban areas and public places like grocery stores, cafes, and hardware shops.

Why? It all relates to beach culture, which seamlessly integrates into daily life, whether sand and salt water are present or not.

9. Keep things in perspective regarding crocs, snakes, and spiders

Contrary to the popular belief that all wildlife in Australia is out to get you, a 2017 study by researchers at Melbourne University revealed that horses have caused more fatalities in Australia than all venomous creatures combined, including snakes and spiders.

In reality, crocodiles aren’t roaming the streets; they are found only along coastlines and waterholes in the northern regions of Western Australia, the Northern Territory, and Queensland. You’re much more likely to see possums and harmless insects indoors. Just be wary of swooping magpies in parks from August to October, as they are protective of their eggs and newly hatched chicks during this breeding season.

10. Restaurant kitchens close between 3pm and 5pm

Both urban and rural areas in Australia have their own pace of life. In cities, restaurants typically finish serving by 11pm, while in rural areas, they may close as early as 8pm. Nightclubs and bars usually shut down around 2am.

What often surprises travelers is the mid-afternoon lull between 3pm and 5pm, when most cafes and restaurants close. Even pubs may not serve food during this time. If you’re looking for a bite to eat, fast food is your best option.

11. Tipping is not customary in Australia

Australia's minimum wage is among the highest in the world. (As of now, the national minimum wage stands at $24.10 per hour.) Consequently, tipping is not a common practice in Australia (though this is starting to change in larger cities like Melbourne), as service charges are already included in your meal’s price. However, if you feel compelled to express gratitude for exceptional service, tipping is entirely up to you.

12. Don’t miss out on trying meat pie, Vegemite, and chicken salt

Australia doesn’t have a single defining cuisine, but few things are as emblematic of Aussie culture as enjoying a hot meat pie, typically served in a paper bag with a hearty squirt of tomato sauce (ketchup). It’s a deliciously messy affair and a staple of Australian food culture.

Vegemite is another essential experience. Spread a thin layer—emphasis on thin—on toast for a savory treat. And when it comes to salt, chicken salt on hot chips (fries) is a must-try for newcomers. This seasoning has been a favorite on fries since its introduction in Australia in 1979. (By the way, it’s usually vegan, containing no actual chicken—just a lot of MSG.)

13. Snorkeling at the Great Barrier Reef requires proper coverage

Excited for that perfect holiday photo while snorkeling at the Great Barrier Reef? Don’t worry too much about choosing the right swimsuit for the pictures, as no one will see it anyway.

From May to November, it’s stinger (jellyfish) season in tropical north Queensland. You’ll need to wear a stylish stinger suit provided by your tour boat operator, complete with a hood and mitten-like hand covers. It may look a bit odd, but it’s your best protection against the elusive and venomous irukandji and box jellyfish that inhabit the waters. Trust me, it’s better than facing the alternative – getting stung.

14. Always walk on the left

When walking on sidewalks, trails, and stairs, staying to the left helps maintain a smooth flow of foot traffic and avoids any awkward encounters with others trying to pass. Some train stations even have arrows to guide the flow.

This custom also reflects Australia’s tradition of driving on the left. According to the UK’s National Motor Museum, this practice may have originated as a safety measure, particularly when highway robbery was a concern. Travelers would pass oncoming individuals on their right, keeping their sword arm free. (Don’t worry, you won’t be facing any jousts in Australia.)

15. The Outback can be unforgiving

Don’t underestimate the severity of the Australian Outback. Although it spans about 70% of the continent, only around 5% of the population resides there. Those unprepared for its remote conditions can face real dangers; for instance, a broken-down vehicle could result in heat exhaustion, dehydration, or worse.

If you’re planning an independent road trip through the outback—like to the Nullarbor Plain or Flinders Ranges—make sure to do your research and prepare for every eventuality. Bring plenty of water, drive slowly (especially on gravel roads), and inform someone of your plans since phone reception is often unreliable. For extra safety, consider using a personal locator beacon to alert emergency services if you encounter trouble. If that sounds overwhelming, many tour operators excel at safely guiding tourists through these iconic landscapes.

16. Be cautious of dangerous currents while swimming in the ocean

The main threat to swimmers at Australian beaches isn’t the wildlife; it’s the hazardous underwater currents known as “rips.” These rip currents can drag swimmers out to sea and are commonly found in areas where underwater sandbanks disrupt the natural flow of water back to the shore.

Not all beaches have lifeguards on duty, so it’s wise to play it safe if you’re not a strong swimmer. Just wading in with your ankles can provide a similar enjoyment without the risks.