6 sites to explore Aztec heritage in and around Mexico City

As one of the world's most cosmopolitan cities, Mexico City is alive with vibrant restaurants, renowned museums, and cutting-edge architecture. It's no wonder this city has become a top destination for discerning travelers.

It's no surprise that this remarkable city has served as a global capital for centuries—long before the Spanish arrived. While it may take a bit of imagination to envision its past, you'll easily uncover remnants of its role as the heart of the Aztec empire.

Peel back the layers of skyscrapers and vast neighborhoods, and you'll find the threads of a rich and colorful history. Here’s where to uncover Mexico City’s Aztec legacy.

1. Uncover the remnants of “la gran Tenochtitlan” at Templo Mayor

Home to an estimated 140,000 inhabitants, Tenochtitlan occupied an island in Lake Texcoco and served as the capital of the Aztec empire. After the siege led by conquistador Hernán Cortés and his Spanish troops in 1519 – which left devastation in its path – colonial structures were built on the foundations of Aztec buildings. As the city expanded, the intricate network of canals that characterized Tenochtitlan was drained, paving the way for modern Mexico City.

In 1978, archaeologists unearthed a significant pyramid near the Zócalo in the city’s historic center, now recognized as Templo Mayor. Nestled in the shadow of Mexico City’s grand cathedral, these ruins, alongside an impressive museum showcasing numerous artifacts, vividly illustrate the Aztec legacy of Mexico City like no other site.

2. Reflect on the expanse of Mexican history at Plaza de las Tres Culturas

Located in Tlatelolco, the Plaza de las Tres Culturas encapsulates the three significant eras that shape Mexico: the Aztec age, the Spanish colonial period, and the current post-independence era. At the heart of the square lie the ruins of the Tlatelolco temple alongside what was once the largest market in the region. Adjacent to it stands the Spanish church, Templo de Santiago, built with stones from the Aztec temple.

The square has a turbulent history: in 1968, students gathered here to protest against the government, resulting in security forces opening fire and hundreds losing their lives.

3. Ascend the pyramids of Teotihuacán

Teotihuacán stands as the most renowned Mesoamerican site in the greater Mexico City area. The origins of this remarkable place, built between the 1st and 7th centuries CE, remain enigmatic, and experts still debate the culture responsible for its monumental pyramids. However, it is clear that by the 13th century, the Aztecs were residing in the city.

Upon arriving at the UNESCO World Heritage site, you'll immediately notice the towering Pyramid of the Sun – standing at 210 feet, it ranks as the third-largest pyramid in the world. You can ascend its steps and enjoy the same vistas that the Aztecs marveled at over 700 years ago, including views of the nearby Pyramid of the Moon and Temple of Quetzalcóatl. This site is a testament to the incredible engineering of ancient civilizations and is a must-visit for anyone.

4. Experience the intersection of past and present at the ancient city of Cuicuilco

Located south of downtown Mexico City in a neighborhood called Tlalpan, the lesser-known archaeological site of Cuicuilco translates to “place of songs” in Nahuatl. Similar to Teotihuacán, this city was not initially inhabited by the Aztecs. While its structures date back to as early as 1400 BCE, the Aztecs likely began residing here around the 14th century. The on-site museum offers intriguing insights into Aztec culture and the various Mesoamerican civilizations that preceded them.

5. Visit one of the best-preserved Aztec sites at Santa Cecilia Acatitlán

Just a 45-minute drive north of the city, the quaint town of Santa Cecilia is home to one of the finest surviving examples of Aztec architecture in Mexico. Although many stones were taken to construct churches following the Spanish conquest, what remains is definitely worth the trip for any enthusiast of Aztec history. Archaeological findings reveal that this site served as a political and religious center during the empire's peak.

6. Gain comprehensive insights at the Museum of Anthropology

The Museum of Anthropology is Mexico’s largest and most frequented museum, and for good reason. It offers a comprehensive overview of the country's rich array of cultures and artistic achievements, making this world-class collection a feast for the eyes and mind. It's also an ideal place to conclude your exploration of Aztec history in Mexico City, providing valuable context for the historical sites scattered throughout the city.