A beginner's guide to Bulgaria

Frequently overlooked, Bulgaria is one of Europe's most budget-friendly destinations, offering breathtaking landscapes and endless adventure.

Easily accessible by flight, train, or bus from many European capitals, Bulgaria is packed with offerings. While Bulgarians may seem stern at first, their warm hospitality and rich variety of experiences make the country a must-visit.

Whether you're planning a long weekend or an extended stay filled with hiking, sightseeing, and beach time, Bulgaria provides excellent value for money and will surprise you with its diverse offerings.

What is the best time to visit Bulgaria?

Bulgaria is a year-round destination with four distinct seasons, each offering unique experiences. Winter, from December to mid-April, is perfect for skiing and snowboarding, with Bansko being a popular choice, Borovets providing a local vibe just 90 minutes from Sofia, and Pamporovo known for its family-friendly slopes.

Spring tends to be quieter as a shoulder season, ideal for tranquil sightseeing and backpacking. Summer can be hot, reaching temperatures of 40°C (100°F), making it perfect for discovering secluded beaches and enjoying water activities along the Bulgarian coast, with July and August being the peak months.

Autumn, especially in September and October, brings mild weather and fewer tourists, making it a great time for budget travelers to secure affordable lodging. This period is also among the best for hiking in Bulgaria's beautiful mountains.

How long should I stay in Bulgaria?

For your first visit, a long weekend to a week is sufficient to see the main attractions and experience the country’s vibrant culture. Begin with a couple of days in Sofia to absorb the city's atmosphere, then travel to the picturesque town of Plovdiv, one of Europe’s oldest cities, located just 2 hours from Sofia by car (or under 2.5 hours by train). Conclude your journey with a trip to the coastal towns of Burgas or Varna to relax on the stunning beaches (a 4- to 6-hour drive from the capital, or an 8-hour train ride).

Is getting around Bulgaria easy?

Bulgaria boasts excellent air connections with major European nations via three main airports: Sofia, Burgas, and Varna.

You can also access Bulgaria by land from various key European cities using Flixbus or by train, with the sleeper train from Istanbul to Sofia being a favorite among budget travelers.

Bulgaria's train and bus systems are well-maintained, although finding current information online, particularly in English, can be tricky. The national railway company, BDZ, has an English-language website. For intercity travel, Union Ivkoni is one of the largest bus companies and a reliable option for online ticket purchases.

Major cities such as Sofia, Varna, Burgas, and Plovdiv offer efficient public transport, with Google Maps serving as a dependable guide. Sofia's metro system is user-friendly, allowing payments for single trips with a bank card, including on buses and trams. Public transport in other cities is straightforward as well, and I found locals to be very helpful in navigating the bus system.

Top attractions in Bulgaria

Begin your journey in Bulgaria by joining one of the many free tours available in Sofia. Discover the vibrant street art scene on the Sofia Graffiti Tour, which showcases the city’s most photogenic murals by Arsek & Erase and other local artists. Savor local flavors on a free food tour with Balkan Bites, or delve into the city’s rich history and culture with a walking tour led by Free Sofia Tour.

Another essential stop for first-time visitors is Plovdiv. Wander through the charming streets of its Old Town for a journey back in time. Enjoy a coffee or pick up an artisan souvenir in the creative district of Kapana for a true local experience. Cap off your day with a stunning sunset view from one of the nearby hills, such as Nebet Tepe.

For the adventurous spirit, lace up your hiking boots and embark on a day trip to Musala Peak in the Rila Mountains or Vihren Peak in the Pirin Mountains—both offer some of the most breathtaking hikes in Bulgaria. Don’t miss Rila Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its stunning architecture and visual beauty that draws countless visitors for good reason.

To truly immerse yourself in the country, explore the enchanting traditional Bulgarian towns such as Koprivshtitsa, Tryavna, and the historic Veliko Târnovo, the former capital. Here, you’ll find beautifully preserved traditional architecture seamlessly integrated into modern life.

For a one-of-a-kind experience, journey to central Bulgaria to see the UFO-shaped Buzludzha Monument. Once a Communist headquarters, this remarkable yet abandoned structure captivates with its impressive design. It is the focus of ongoing revival efforts, which have faced considerable resistance from local officials.

My favorite activity in Bulgaria

I have a deep passion for the mountains, and one of my cherished traditions in Bulgaria is July Morning. This celebration began in the 1980s and involves staying awake the night before to greet the sunrise on July 1st, typically from the coast. Kamen Bryag is the original site, but this custom has spread throughout Bulgaria.

Living near the mountains in Bansko, I observe July Morning by hiking to Vihren Peak in the Pirin Mountains. We commence our trek at 2 AM and reach the summit around 5 or 6 AM. You'll encounter many fellow enthusiasts along the way. The atmosphere at the peak as the sun rises above the mountains and clouds is truly incredible, offering breathtaking views.

How much should I budget for Bulgaria?

Bulgaria remains one of the most budget-friendly destinations in Europe, providing excellent value for your money. Although popular tourist areas, such as summer beach towns and winter ski resorts, may have elevated prices, the country is generally very economical. The Bulgarian lev is pegged to the euro, with €1 equating to 1.95 Lev.

• Hostel room: 20-40 lv

• Public transport ticket: 1.60 lv for a single bus ride, or 4 lv for a day pass

• Coffee: 3-6 lv

• Sandwich: 6-10 lv

• Dinner for two: 50-80 lv

• Beer/pint at the bar: 6-10 lv

• Taxi ride in Sofia: 15-30 lv

Is it possible to pay with a card in Bulgaria?

Card payments are increasingly accepted across Bulgaria. In most places, particularly in larger cities, you can use a card in nearly every shop. However, it's advisable to carry some cash, as many small businesses and restaurants, especially in smaller towns, may not take card payments. It's wise to have at least 50 lv (around €25) on hand, as the euro is not a recognized payment currency in Bulgaria.

Is tap water safe to drink in Bulgaria?

It's perfectly safe to drink tap water in Bulgaria, thanks to the abundance of natural springs throughout the country.

What should I know about tipping in Bulgaria?

The general guideline for tipping is to leave around 10% of the bill, with the option to give more for exceptional service.

Is English widely spoken in Bulgaria?

While English is becoming more common, especially among younger people, visitors may still encounter some language barriers. Learning a few basic Bulgarian phrases can be helpful and may even earn you a smile when asking for help.

What writing system is used in Bulgaria?

Bulgaria employs the Cyrillic alphabet, which has its roots in this region. A common misconception among visitors is that Bulgaria uses the Russian alphabet, so it's best to avoid saying that to locals, as they take great pride in their linguistic heritage.