An Introductory Guide to the Enchanting Island of Madeira

Nestled off the African coast and recognized as an autonomous region of Portugal, Madeira boasts a distinct cultural identity.

With its rugged terrain and subtropical climate, Madeira is home to tropical fruits and renowned wines, charming seaside resorts and secluded mountain hamlets, misty forests, and rugged coastlines—it's a destination that captivates the senses in the best possible way.

Madeira is particularly appealing for adventurous and independent travelers. Whether you’re into hiking, swimming, diving, or surfing, there’s something for everyone, regardless of skill level. Plus, a vibrant food and drink culture awaits you to explore between activities.

What is the best time to visit Madeira?

Madeira enjoys a subtropical climate, with average temperatures around 70°F (21°C).

January tends to be the wettest month, while September offers the warmest waters for swimming. For those seeking tranquility, it’s wise to steer clear of the tourist rush in August. Overall, Madeira is an excellent destination for vacations almost any time of year.

Is it convenient to travel to and around Madeira?

Madeira is accessible through Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport, named after its famous native, offering international flights, including direct routes from New York City.

Navigating the island can be more challenging. While there’s a comprehensive public bus system, a car is essential for reaching the more secluded hiking trails or beaches. Several car rental agencies are available at the airport, although prices can be on the higher side.

Driving in Madeira presents its own set of challenges. The terrain is extremely hilly, with roads that can be steep and winding. If you're unsure about driving in these conditions, opt for an automatic rental, which, while pricier than the typical manual, can make your journey easier.

How long should I stay in Madeira?

Given that Madeira's attractions are spread out, a minimum of four days is recommended. Start with a night in Funchal to get acclimated, then explore one or two other locations on the island. Dedicate a day to adventure activities and the following day for relaxation on the beach. If you intend to visit Porto Santo, the other inhabited island in the Madeiran Archipelago, plan for at least two additional nights.

Must-do activities in Madeira

Explore a levada or vereda

Most of Madeira’s rainfall occurs on the northern coast, prompting early settlers to construct a network of artificial waterways known as levadas to support agriculture in the drier southern regions. With over 804 km (500 miles) of levadas, this remarkable engineering achievement is recognized by UNESCO. Today, these levadas and the island’s veredas (paths) serve as stunning hiking trails, often leading through breathtaking landscapes featuring waterfalls, cliffs, lush forests, and amazing viewpoints.

Levadas vary in difficulty and condition; refer to WalkMe, a frequently updated resource, to check if your chosen levada is accessible and safe for hiking.

A great beginner hike is the Levada do Caldeirão Verde on the island's west side. This relatively easy round trip of 11.8 km (7.3 miles) takes you through diverse scenery, including a lagoon and waterfall. For a different experience, consider the Vereda da Ponta de São Lourenço, a 7.2 km (4.4 miles) round-trip hike that explores the arid, rocky eastern tip of the island, with a chance to take a refreshing swim in the ocean.

For those seeking a more strenuous adventure, consider the trails that lead to the summits of Pico do Areeiro and Pico Ruivo, with the latter being the highest point on the island, offering paths that sometimes ascend above the cloud line.

Experience a cable car ride

The coastline of Madeira features fajãs, cliff-backed areas that were once only reachable by boat. This changed with the construction of cable cars, which were initially used for transporting goods and crops but now serve tourists and day-trippers as well.

The Teleférico das Achadas da Cruz, located in the northwest of the island, spans 600 meters, takes five minutes to ride, and ranks among the steepest cable cars in Europe. It leads to a vast, tranquil rocky beach.

Equally remarkable is the cable car that descends to Fajã dos Padres, a rocky beach featuring a farm, a banana plantation, a cafe/restaurant, and a swimming dock.

Take a dip in a natural pool

The surrounding waters of Madeira boast an enchanting azure color and remain inviting year-round. However, the island's rugged terrain and rocky beaches can make access to the water challenging. Fortunately, locals have cleverly utilized lava formations to create oceanside swimming pools in various locations.

The most renowned natural pool is situated in Porto Moniz, at the island's northwestern tip, though its extensive handrails, restrooms, and changing areas give it a less-than-natural feel. A more dramatically located option can be found at Doca do Cavacas on the south shore. For a truly natural experience, check out the pools in Seixal or Cachalote, both of which are also free.

Savor fortified wine

Madeira's famous wine originated from barrels that spent months on ships, baking in the sun. This serendipitous process led to oxidation, imparting a whole new range of flavors and aromas. Today, seven wineries on the island produce fortified wines in this style, most of which offer tours and tastings. H.M. Borges in Funchal, established over a century ago, is one of the more traditional producers and welcomes visitors for tastings by appointment. Barbeito is a more innovative winery, providing various tastings daily.

Historically, Madeira was a major hub for sugar production, and the island still boasts six operational sugarcane mills/distilleries. It is now the only location in Europe producing agricultural rum, which is distilled from sugarcane juice rather than sugar or molasses. North Mills Distillery, located on the northern shore, is one of the last remaining steam-powered factories in Europe. Be sure to contact the distillery to schedule a visit and tasting, including a Rum Masterclass. On the southern side, Engenhos da Calheta, established in 1901, offers tastings and is a great spot to purchase bolo de mel, Madeira's signature sweet made with molasses, citrus juice, lard, Madeira wine, and spices.

Much of the local rum is used to make poncha, a refreshing drink that mixes white rum with orange and/or lemon juice, and honey and/or sugar, whipped to a frothy finish using a special wooden tool. A favored spot to enjoy this drink is Taberna da Poncha, nestled in a mountain town in the island’s interior.

Explore a beach

More specifically, a rocky beach. Thanks to Madeira's unique geography and location, the island's beaches are made up entirely of smooth stones. Consider getting a pair of aqua socks to navigate this somewhat challenging terrain, and listen closely to the eerie sound of countless rocks rolling and shifting with each wave.

If you prefer sand, check out the artificial beaches at Calheta or Machico, or take a ferry to Porto Santo, which features a 7.5km (4.6 miles) beautiful sandy beach renowned as one of the best in Europe.

Indulge in an espetada

Madeira’s hallmark dish is espetada, consisting of tender chunks of beef marinated in garlic and bay leaves, skewered on a laurel branch or metal skewer, and grilled to perfection. When served, the skewers are hung from distinctive holders, and they’re typically enjoyed alongside bolo do caco, a sweet potato bread that’s toasted and generously spread with garlic butter; milho frito, crispy cubes of fried polenta; and a fresh green salad.

This delightful array of dishes makes for an ideal meal after a levada walk. Eating espetada is also a unique experience, with options ranging from butcher shops where you select your cut and grill it yourself, to traditional restaurants with a long history.

My top pick for activities in Madeira

I have a passion for exploring local cuisine, and the Sunday market in Santo António da Serra, perched high in the east, showcases the essence of Madeira's culinary offerings. Vendors gather in the early hours, bringing an impressive selection of tropical fruits—bananas, of course, but also passionfruit, guava, papaya, custard apple, pitanga, tamarillo, and other fruits often associated with South America.

The market also features an array of vibrant vegetables, baked goods, dried herbs, and local honey, among other delights. A few stalls offer ready-to-eat meals, and there's a butcher with a grill and tables for a DIY espetada. Emphasizing beverages, vendors sell pitchers of poncha, local cider, and even spirited coffee drinks, all complemented by dentinhos—snacks ranging from crispy pork rinds to a small fava bean salad.

What is the estimated budget for a trip to Madeira?

Unfortunately, Madeira is not the most budget-friendly destination. Accommodations tend to be on the pricier side, with limited hostels or budget-friendly options, and renting a car is essential to access the island's more remote areas.

That said, being in Portugal means that food and drink generally offer good value for money.

• Hostel bed: starting at €60

• Basic double room: starting at €120

• Self-catering apartment (including Airbnb options): starting at €120

• Public transport fare: €1.35

• Coffee: €0.75

• Sandwich: €1.50

• Dinner for two: €40

• Glass of poncha: €2.50

Is Madeira known for heavy rainfall?

The northern part of Madeira tends to be wetter, while the south, including Funchal, experiences annual rainfall between 600mm and 1000mm. Overall, particularly outside the wetter months of November to February, rain is usually a minor issue on the island.