In a secluded corner of Asia, one of the world’s oldest cities continues to captivate travelers

Samarkand. A name that evokes thoughts of adventure, exploration, and distant, mysterious lands.

Founded around 700 BCE, Samarkand is one of the world’s oldest cities still inhabited today. It has long been a crossroads of cultures, a center of learning, and a thriving trade hub—especially during the glory days of the ancient Silk Road that passed through the city.

While much has been written about this southeastern gem of Uzbekistan, a poem by British writer and poet James Elroy Flecker (1884-1915) may capture its essence best: 'For lust of knowing what should not be known, we take the Golden Road to Samarkand.'

With its array of magnificent mosques, mausoleums, and madrassas, Samarkand is truly the crown jewel of Uzbekistan's historical cities, often grouped alongside Khiva and Bukhara, two other important Silk Road cities famous for their medieval architecture.

Here’s a quick guide to what Samarkand has in store. If possible, plan to spend at least three days to fully experience the city.

Must-See Historical Sites

The first destination on any Samarkand itinerary should be Registan Square, arguably the most iconic and photographed location in all of Uzbekistan.

The three madrassas surrounding Registan Square – Ulugbek Madrassah, Sher Dor Madrassah, and Tilla-Kari Madrassah – were constructed between the 15th and 17th centuries. These grand Islamic schools perfectly embody the essence of the ancient Silk Road, a crossroads of knowledge and commerce.

While Registan Square is undoubtedly the most famous landmark in Samarkand, the Shah-i-Zinda necropolis is arguably the most awe-inspiring. This burial site is home to a stunning array of mausoleums, adorned with vibrant turquoise tiles, domes, and intricate interiors, all dating back to the 14th century.

Then there are the numerous sites tied to Temur, the renowned 14th-century ruler whose legacy remains deeply ingrained in Uzbekistan’s history.

One of the most iconic landmarks is his tomb at Samarkand’s Gur-e-Amir, also known as the Amir Temur Mausoleum. This magnificent structure, finished in 1404, is a testament to his life and grandeur, with its gold and turquoise embellishments. Temur himself was buried here after his death in 1405.

According to legend, Samarkand’s Bibi Khanum Mosque was commissioned by Timur’s beloved wife to honor his return from a lengthy military campaign. Today, it stands as one of the largest mosques in Central Asia, capable of accommodating up to 10,000 worshippers at once.

Then there’s Timur’s grandson, Ulug Beg, a sultan who was also a brilliant scientist with a deep interest in mathematics and astronomy. His contributions are honored at Ulug Beg’s Observatory, constructed in the 1420s atop a hill overlooking Samarkand. The observatory still displays the accurate measurements of the sun's annual path, which are only off by a minute when compared to today's calculations.

In the northeastern part of Samarkand lies the Mausoleum of St. Daniel, a revered Old Testament prophet. The exact resting place of his remains is a matter of debate, with several countries claiming to house them. Local legend holds that Samarkand’s Mausoleum of St. Daniel contains an ever-growing collection of relics, so much so that the sarcophagus has had to be extended several times to its current length of 18 meters (59 feet).

What to try

Uzbek cuisine reflects the diverse landscapes of the country, and Samarkand is no different in offering a wide array of flavors and dishes.

The national dish, plov, is essentially a version of pilaf or pilau. This savory rice dish is prepared with a variety of ingredients such as carrots, beef, raisins, and onions. Each family across the country has its own unique take on plov, making it a delightful experience to try as many versions as possible until you find your favorite.

A common accompaniment to most meals is obi non, a type of bread baked fresh in a clay oven. The bread is then stamped with a spiky tool, a technique you can easily learn to replicate by picking up a tool from any local souvenir stand.

For those seeking healthier options, be sure to try achichuk – a refreshing tomato and onion salad with a kick of chili – or manti, which are dumplings stuffed with pumpkin or spinach.

Other delicious options include samsa, a variety of meat-filled samosas, and the popular shashlik – skewers of grilled meat. If you're in the mood for noodles, lagman is another classic dish that’s worth trying.

For those adventurous enough to try local snacks, there’s kurt – small, hard, white balls that may not be to everyone’s taste. These dried cheese treats, made from soured and fermented milk from local livestock, are often seen at markets and laid out on dishes for nibbling. According to legend, they were once favored by travelers along the Silk Road.

Where to enjoy these local delicacies

For a top-notch dining experience in Samarkand, head to Platan, one of the city's best restaurants serving traditional Uzbek cuisine. With generous portions, a good selection of wines, and a charming ambiance, it’s an excellent choice for an unforgettable meal.

For a budget-friendly and enjoyable dining experience while exploring Samarkand, make your way to the Siab Bazaar. You’ll find a variety of classic Uzbek street foods like hot obi non, samsa, shashlik, and kurt – all freshly prepared and affordably priced.

No trip to Uzbekistan is complete without experiencing its time-honored tea culture. Tea pots are shared at every meal and throughout the day. While the younger generation may be leaning towards coffee-to-go, the older locals still enjoy a traditional pot of tea alongside their meals.

Uzbekistan's traditional chaykhanas, or tea houses, are becoming increasingly rare, but in Samarkand, you can still experience one at the Bibikhanum Teahouse, offering an authentic taste of the country’s rich tea heritage.

Where to stay in Samarkand

Samarkand has been hosting international travelers for centuries, offering a diverse range of accommodations to suit all tastes and budgets.

Samarkand is home to a mix of international hotel chains, including the Hilton and Regency, mostly located in the newer parts of the city, away from the historic landmarks. For a more immersive experience, consider staying at a boutique hotel near Registan Square, which puts the city’s key attractions within walking distance.

The Bibikhanum Hotel is ideally located just steps from the Bibi Khanum Mosque and Siab Bazaar. It reflects the region’s traditional architecture and craftsmanship, offering basic yet comfortable rooms with all the necessary amenities.

Kosh Havuz is a contemporary boutique hotel situated within walking distance of the Bibi Khanum Mosque, Registan Palace, and Shah-i-Zinda. It features spacious rooms, luxurious bathrooms, and a rooftop terrace restaurant with impressive views.

L'Argamak is a cozy hotel with a charming courtyard garden, located just a short walk from the Amir Temur Mausoleum, offering a peaceful retreat in the heart of the city.

How to get around Samarkand

If you're exploring the historic district of Samarkand, walking is the best way to get around, as it allows you to wander through the narrow, winding lanes and discover hidden gems.

For longer trips, like to the train station, airport, or attractions like Ulug Bheg's Observatory, taxis are an affordable and convenient option. Just make sure to agree on a fare before getting in, as most taxis don't have meters. Always carry cash in the local currency, as that's typically required.

For day excursions, such as a visit to Shakhrisabz, hiring a private driver along with a guide will ensure you get the most out of the trip.

How to reach Samarkand

Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s largest international airport, is the main entry point. From there, you can either catch a flight with Uzbekistan Airways to Samarkand or take a scenic train ride to the city.

Thanks to the rail network, travelers have a variety of options with different speeds. The fastest choice is the Afrosiyob Express, which can whisk you to Samarkand in about two hours—just a little slower than flying.

Train tickets can be booked online, but they tend to sell out quickly, so it’s a good idea to reserve your seat well in advance.