Japan Itineraries: 5 Optimal Routes to Discover the Country

Vibrant modern cities, rich historical architecture, and an amazing culinary scene that will satisfy you at every turn – Japan truly offers everything. Whether you prefer to road trip through its islands or hop on its renowned bullet trains, a little preparation makes exploring the country a delightful experience. 

This is why we’ve curated five itineraries that highlight the best Japan has to offer. These 10-day and two-week plans showcase the key attractions, but if you have extra time, feel free to spend more at each destination or mix two itineraries to create your ideal journey. No matter what you choose, countless adventures await.

The Golden Route

Allocate a minimum of 10 days Distance: 900km (559 miles) 

This iconic route for first-time travelers covers many of Japan's premier attractions, is accessible year-round, and makes the most of the fantastic value and smooth travel provided by a Japan Rail (JR) Pass. If you have extra time, consider getting a longer rail pass and pairing it with one of our other itineraries.

Tokyo: 3 days

Begin with several days in the capital to shake off any jet lag, familiarize yourself with the area, and experience urban Japan. There's no city larger than Tokyo, renowned for its skyscrapers, vibrant atmosphere, and dazzling lights in one of the world's busiest metropolises. More than any single attraction, it's Tokyo itself that captivates visitors.

Next destination: Board a shinkansen (bullet train) from Tokyo to Kyoto (2.5 hours). 

Kyoto: 2 days

On the morning of day four, activate your seven-day rail pass and take the impressive shinkansen west to the historic city of Kyoto. You’ll need a couple of days to discover one of the world’s most culturally rich destinations. Consider spending four nights in Kyoto and taking day trips to Nara and Osaka using your JR Pass.

Next destination: Catch a JR Train from Kyoto to Nara (1 hour). 

Nara: 1 day

Just a quick trip from Kyoto, you can either make a day visit to Nara or stay overnight in this city, which is home to the Daibutsu (Great Buddha) and the stunning Nara Park, where you’ll find free-roaming semi-wild deer. Nara’s history predates Kyoto, having been Japan's first permanent capital and remains one of the country's most rewarding spots.

Next destination: Take a shinkansen from Nara to Osaka (30 minutes).

Osaka: 1 day 

Only 20 minutes away via shinkansen from Kyoto, Osaka can be enjoyed as a day trip or an overnight stay. This lively and energetic city was once the hub of the merchant class and is known for its break from the more traditional vibes found elsewhere in Japan. It’s more vibrant, interactions are filled with humor, and the city is famous for its delicious street food.

Next destination: Take the shinkansen from Osaka to Hiroshima.

Hiroshima: 2 days 

A straightforward shinkansen ride takes you to Hiroshima, a name forever etched in world history. The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum and the surrounding park draw visitors globally, honoring the first atomic-bomb attack on August 6, 1945. Today, Hiroshima is a bustling, vibrant cosmopolitan city. Don’t miss the opportunity to visit Miyajima as a day trip from here.

Next destination: Take a JR train and a JR ferry from Hiroshima to Miyajima (1 hour). 

Miyajima: 1 day

A fantastic option for a day trip or overnight stay from Hiroshima, Miyajima, known for its picturesque floating shrine, is conveniently accessible with your JR Pass and JR ferry. If you aim to make the most of your rail pass, on day 10 (the seventh day of the rail pass), consider returning to Tokyo, with a stop at Himeji to see Japan's best-preserved feudal castle along the way.

Nagano and the Alps

Plan for at least 10 days Distance: 750km (466 miles)

Connect your travels between Tokyo and Kyoto through the mountainous terrain, including a stop in Kanazawa, one of Japan's most charming and historically rich cities. This itinerary can be approached in either direction, and while having a rental car will enhance your experience, public transportation is also a viable option.

Nagano: 2 days

Travel to the city of Nagano by shinkansen or rental car from Tokyo. Nestled amid mountains, this capital of Nagano Prefecture is home to the stunning Zenkō-ji temple, a National Treasure established in the 7th century. Known as the host city for the 1998 Winter Olympics, it's also conveniently close to the famous 'snow monkeys'.

Next stop: Take a 50-minute train journey or drive to Matsumoto (1.25 hours).

Matsumoto: 2 days

Just a short distance away lies lively Matsumoto, situated in a fertile valley east of the breathtaking northern Japan Alps. Don't miss Matsumoto-jō, Japan's oldest wooden castle, and take the time to enjoy this charming, cosmopolitan city.

Next stop: Travel by train and bus or drive (both 2 hours).

Detour: If you’re driving, consider a stop at the outdoor resort of Hakuba.

Kamikōchi: 1 day

For Japanese outdoor enthusiasts, Kamikōchi is a true gem. This is the place for hikers, and you might find yourself wanting to linger for days in this secluded valley at the foot of the North Alps. The road closes in winter, reopening from late April to early November, so you’ll need to take a bus as private vehicles are not permitted.

Next stop: Catch the bus (1.5 hours) or drive and bus (2 hours).

Takayama: 2 days

Continue through the mountains to Takayama, a delightful historic post town featuring one of Japan's most picturesque landscapes, complete with well-preserved wooden structures and narrow lanes lined with galleries, sake breweries, and artisan shops. It’s also renowned for its temple area and morning market. Make sure to book in advance, as Takayama has grown more popular over time.

Next stop: Travel by bus or drive (both 1.5 hours).

Shirakawa-gō: 1 day

Nestled between Takayama and Kanazawa, the secluded mountain villages of Shirakawa-gō and Gokayama are celebrated for their unique farmhouses with steep thatched roofs. These villages, recognized as World Heritage sites, hold a cherished place in Japanese culture year-round and are often featured in the country’s tourism materials. They attract many visitors, so expect a lively atmosphere.

Next stop: Take a bus (1.5 hours) or drive (1.25 hours).

Kanazawa: 2 days

Discover Kanazawa, a city that once rivaled Kyoto in its artistic achievements. Located near the Sea of Japan, Kanazawa is famed for its fresh seafood, rich artisan heritage, and the beautiful Kenroku-en garden. It’s a fantastic spot for traditional crafts shopping. When you’re ready, continue your journey by train or car to Kyoto.

Explore Shikoku by car

Plan for at least 10 days Distance: 350km (217 miles) 

Shikoku, Japan's fourth-largest island, remains largely undiscovered by international travelers. However, it has long been a destination for pilgrims walking the 88 Sacred Temples of Shikoku route for over 1,200 years. This serene island, best navigated by car, could be the highlight of your Japanese adventure.

Naoshima: 1 day

Located in Kagawa Prefecture, Naoshima is nestled in the Inland Sea between Shikoku and Western Honshū. This art island serves as a bridge between Okayama and the Shikoku mainland, showcasing some of Japan's finest art and architecture, including museums and outdoor sculptures; Yayoi Kusama's Yellow Pumpkin has become an iconic representation of the island.

Next destination: Catch a ferry from Naoshima to Takamatsu (1 hour).

Takamatsu: 2 days

Known as udon-ken (udon prefecture), Kagawa Prefecture is filled with eateries serving the local specialty, sanuki-udon, on nearly every street. Enjoy a leisurely walk through the beautifully maintained Ritsurin-kōen gardens, and explore the shops in Takamatsu's covered shopping arcades and lively entertainment districts.

Next destination: Drive from Takamatsu to Konpira-san (1 hour).

Konpira-san: 2 days

Konpira-san is the most famous Shintō shrine in Shikoku. Stroll through the charming township at the mountain's base, and if you're up for it, ascend the steps. Nearby, you can visit Zentsu-ji, Temple 75 of the 88 Sacred Temples, and, if time permits, take the ropeway to Unpen-ji to see the fascinating 500 rakan statues.

Next destination: Drive from Konpira-san to Iya Valley (2 hours).

Iya Valley: 1 day

Venture into the Iya Valley, often regarded as one of Japan's hidden gems. Its dramatic gorges and dense mountain forests served as sanctuaries for fleeing samurai in ancient times. Access is limited by narrow, winding roads, especially towards the valley's head, where you can find the charming twin kazura-i (vine bridges) of Oku Iya.

Next destination: Drive from Iya Valley to Kōchi City (1.5 hours).

Kōchi City: 2 days

The capital of Kōchi Prefecture, facing the Pacific Ocean, is a vibrant and compact city known for its lively spirit. The locals are fiercely independent and proud, shaped by their historical isolation from the rest of Japan. Explore the beautiful Kōchi Castle, stroll through the covered shopping arcades, and savor local specialties at Hirome Market.

Next destination: Drive for 2.5 hours from Kōchi City to Matsuyama.

Matsuyama: 2 days

As Shikoku's largest city, Matsuyama exudes elegance with a touch of urban energy. The stunning Matsuyama Castle, one of Japan's 12 original castles, overlooks the city, while the bustling shopping arcades lie to the south. To the east, you'll find the famed hot springs of Dōgo Onsen. From here, you can easily catch a flight or ferry to Hiroshima or Kyūshū.

Discover Kyūshū and Yakushima

Allocate at least 10 days Distance: 700km (435 miles) 

Often overlooked by international travelers, Kyūshū is a hidden gem with lively cities, deep historical roots, outstanding onsen, and active volcanoes. If you've visited Japan before or seek a unique experience, this is the place to explore. While there's a JR Pass for Kyūshū, renting a car offers the best way to enjoy the sights.

Fukuoka: 2 days

Make your way to Fukuoka, the largest city in Kyūshū with a population of 1.4 million. You can easily fly in or catch the shinkansen to Hakata, the bullet-train terminal. This vibrant city is known as Kyūshū's 'bright lights, big city,' famous for its delicious Hakata ramen, especially from streetside yatai (food stalls).

Next stop: Travel by train (1.5 hours) or drive (2 hours) from Fukuoka to Nagasaki. 

Nagasaki: 2 days

Nagasaki carries a profound history as the second city in Japan to suffer an atomic bomb. Yet, it was Japan’s only open port during the 200-year isolation from the 17th to 19th centuries, creating a rich mercantile and cosmopolitan heritage that thrives today in its festivals, culinary scene, and unique architecture.

Next stop: Travel by train and bus (4 hours) or drive (3 hours) from Nagasaki to Kurokawa Onsen. 

Kurokawa Onsen: 1 day

Venture into the heart of Kyūshū at Kurokawa Onsen, one of Japan’s most picturesque onsen towns, set along a steep gorge. This idyllic spot is ideal for experiencing a true onsen-ryokan retreat. Close by is Mt Aso, the world’s third-largest volcanic caldera, featuring the smoking Naka-dake crater and breathtaking scenery.

Next stop: Catch a bus ( hours) or drive (1.5 hours) from Kurokawa Onsen to Kumamoto.

Kumamoto: 1 day

Continue southwest to Kumamoto, the central Kyūshū hub that takes pride in its iconic landmark, Kumamoto-jō castle, constructed in the early 1600s. Still on the mend from the devastating 2016 earthquakes, this vibrant city boasts a delightful array of restaurants, bars, and shops in the bustling arcades east of the castle.

Next stop: Travel by train (2 hours) or drive (2.5 hours) from Kumamoto to Kagoshima.

Kagoshima: 2 days

Journey south to Kagoshima, where you'll be captivated by the majestic Sakurajima volcano looming across the bay. Known for its warm hospitality, this city is famous for its tonkatsu (breaded pork cutlets) and shōchū (local liquor). Nearby, enjoy the unique hot sand baths at Ibusuki.

Next stop: Board a fast ferry (2.5 hours) from Kagoshima to Yakushima. 

Yakushima: 2 days

Enchanting Yakushima lies 70km (43 miles) south of the Kyūshū mainland. This UNESCO World Heritage site boasts ancient, moss-covered forests, coastal onsen, and a rugged interior that reaches heights of 1936m (6440ft). It also offers fantastic hiking trails, with the most famous leading to Jōmon Sugi, an ancient tree believed to be thousands of years old.

The untamed landscapes of Hokkaidō

Set aside at least 2 weeksDistance: 950km (590 miles)

Japan's northernmost island, Hokkaidō, offers much of what you seek in Japan: steaming onsen, dramatic volcanic mountains, vibrant city life, and culinary delights, along with an unexpected bonus—the chance for an unforgettable road trip. Due to early snowfall, plan your visit between June and October.

Hakodate: 2 days

Begin your journey in Hokkaidō's southernmost port, accessible by shinkansen from Tokyo in just four hours via the Seikan Tunnel; however, flying may be more economical unless you have a rail pass. Hakodate is a picturesque city featuring a famous morning market, historic structures from its days as one of the first ports opened to foreign trade in the 1850s, and breathtaking night views.

Next stop: Rent a car and drive to Tōya-ko and Noboribetsu Onsen (4 hours). 

Shikotsu-Tōya National Park: 2 days

In Tōya-ko, bike around the stunning caldera lake for 36km (22 miles). Continue to Hokkaidō's renowned hot spring destination, Noboribetsu Onsen. For an enriching day trip, explore Upopoy: National Ainu Museum and Park, which opened in 2020 after the Ainu were officially recognized as Japan's Indigenous people.

Next stop: Drive from Noboribetsu Onsen to Sapporo (2–3 hours).

Sapporo: 2 days

Experience urban life in the prefectural capital, Sapporo, home to two million residents, making it Japan's fifth-largest city. The lively city center buzzes with energy, especially around the entertainment district of Susukino and Ōdori-kōen. Don't miss the Sapporo Beer Museum or sampling Sapporo ramen and jingisukan, the famed grilled mutton dish.

Next stop: Drive from Sapporo to Furano (2 hours).

Furano: 2 days

Known as heso-no-machi (Belly-Button Town) for its central location in Hokkaidō, Furano offers delightful wine and cheese tastings, breathtaking flower fields, and excellent cycling routes in nearby Biei. Just a short distance away, you'll find Fukiage Roten-no-yu, one of Hokkaidō's top outdoor onsens. The views to the east of Daisetsuzan National Park's mountains provide a stunning backdrop.

Next stop: Drive from Furano to Asahidake Onsen (2 hours).

Daisetsuzan National Park: 2 days

Daisetsuzan translates to 'big snowy mountain,' with Asahi-dake (2290m/7513ft) being Hokkaidō's highest peak. You can ascend from the ropeway's summit (1600m/5249ft) at Asahidake Onsen, located in the park's northwest. Accommodations are available here as well as at Sōunkyō Onsen in the northeast. For a unique experience, consider staying at the secluded Daisetsu Kōgen Sansō mountain lodge.

Next stop: Drive from Onsen to Utoro (5 hours).

Shiretoko National Park: 2 days

Head east to the UNESCO World Heritage site of Shiretoko National Park, where you can set up base in Utoro. The Shiretoko Peninsula is a volcanic stretch of land that the Ainu called 'the end of the world.' Enjoy excellent short walks and hikes, along with nature cruises that venture up the coast. From Shiretoko Pass, you can gaze out at Russian islands.

Next stop: Drive from Utoro to Akanko Onsen (3 hours).

Akan Mashū National Park: 2 days

Take a short drive southwest to Akan Mashū National Park, packed with attractions. To the east, explore the intriguing Iō-zan (Sulphur Mountain), the stunning caldera lakes of Kussharo-ko and Mashū-ko, and several natural onsen. In the east, visit Akanko Onsen to experience a contemporary Ainu community at the Ainu kotan (village).