Following the journey of African American writers and artists in Paris

Emerging from modest beginnings, these legendary figures escaped the pervasive racism in America, finding refuge in the City of Light where they blossomed into pioneers of artistic and literary innovation, leaving a lasting legacy.

Rooted in the Harlem Renaissance and extending far beyond, African American artists arriving in Paris during this era were granted the freedom to express themselves in literature, music, theater, and visual arts without limitation.

The brilliance and creativity of African Americans was always evident, but in the United States, their artistic expression was stifled by both psychological and physical barriers. Despite their fame, black artists and performers were still relegated to segregated spaces and denied equal treatment, often forced to enter through back doors and perform for restricted audiences.

It was in Paris, a vibrant European cultural hub, that they were recognized for their talents, intellect, and genius. While not entirely free from racism, Paris offered an escape from the oppressive Jim Crow laws that stifled black Americans in the United States, allowing them the freedom to flourish.

From bustling cafes to dimly lit jazz clubs, these cultural giants found refuge in a city that promised to amplify their brilliance instead of dimming it.

The outcome? A transformative cultural exchange that enriched French society and enabled African Americans to leave an enduring legacy on the country.

Their footsteps can still be traced in the iconic cafes and gathering spots once frequented by African American intellectuals, artists, and musicians – locations that continue to thrive today.

Visitors can discover this rich history through a guided tour or by exploring key locations on their own that are pivotal to the African American experience in Paris, or by combining both options for a fuller experience.

Ricki Stevenson’s Black Paris Tours delve into the deep influence and legacy of the African diaspora. These walking tours take you through neighborhoods and landmarks shaped by notable figures, while highlighting key sites that reflect African American history in Paris.

The Brian Scott Bagley Company offers a unique historical and artistic perspective, tracing the remarkable life of Josephine Baker across Paris, along with other personalized tours to explore more of the city’s rich cultural history.

Prefer to create your own adventure? Simply pick the spots that intrigue you most, grab a croissant to start your day, and embark on your personalized journey through the city.

Here are some captivating destinations to begin your exploration of the vibrant and lasting impact of African Americans in Paris.

Related: What black history could teach you through visits to these eight states

La Palette

Tucked away in the lively and artistic 6th arrondissement of Paris, La Palette is a famous café that has long been a sanctuary for artists and writers.

The renowned contemporary artist Beauford Delaney, hailing from Tennessee, was so captivated by Paris during his first visit in 1953 that he chose to make it his home for the rest of his life.

It was at La Palette where you might have spotted regulars like Delaney or James Baldwin enjoying lunch, surrounded by an array of original artwork adorning the deep mahogany walls.

Today, the café, with its bright and floral terrace, effortlessly draws in visitors looking to take a break from the eclectic galleries that line the street.

La Palette, 43 Rue de Seine, 75006 Paris, France

Café de Flore

Located in the heart of Saint-Germain-des-Près, this iconic café, established in the 1880s, is where James Baldwin crafted parts of his first novel, “Go Tell It On The Mountain.” It has long been a hub for artists, writers, locals, and visitors alike.

Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre were among the regular patrons.

If you visit today, you’ll be greeted by waiters, impeccably dressed in white shirts and aprons, serving up espressos, aperitifs, or French onion soup, before leaving guests to enjoy their conversations and indulge in some good people-watching.

Café de Flore, 172 Boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006 Paris, France

Les Deux Magots

Another popular gathering spot for creatives, Les Deux Magots sits directly across from Café de Flore. This historic Parisian café was the setting for intense discussions between two legendary African American writers, James Baldwin and Richard Wright.

Both celebrated authors explored the struggles of being black in America, but they famously disagreed on each other's viewpoints. Today, the café is a popular destination for tourists, where debates often revolve around whether to choose red or white wine.

Les Deux Magots, 6 Place Saint-Germain des Prés, 75006 Paris, France

Le Tournon

For years, this classic Parisian café, nestled in the upscale 6th arrondissement, was a gathering place for brilliant black intellectuals, including novelist and journalist William Gardner Smith and writer Ralph Ellison.

It was at Le Tournon that the legendary novelist Richard Wright, known for his powerful critiques of the treatment of black Americans in works like 'Native Son' and 'Black Boy,' could always count on a heated debate over his coffee.

Today, the café remains a favorite for locals in the neighborhood. Just a stone's throw from the French Senate, you might even catch a glimpse of a government official. Inside, the walls proudly feature photos of the many famous African American artists who frequented the café, enjoying classic bistro dishes and spirited conversations.

Le Tournon, 18 Rue de Tournon, 75006 Paris, France

Théâtre des Champs Élysées

“I have two loves,” Josephine Baker once declared, “My country and Paris.” As jazz made its way across the Atlantic, it carried with it a unique improvisational style and infectious rhythm – much like one of the world's most iconic performers.

In 1925, 19-year-old Josephine Baker debuted her groundbreaking cabaret show, “La Revue Nègre,” at the Théâtre des Champs Élysées. The performance captivated Parisian audiences and made her an overnight sensation. Baker quickly rose to fame as the world’s most famous black female star, known for her iconic 'danse sauvage,' performed in a now-famous banana skirt.

Baker’s daring style has influenced some of the biggest names in entertainment, including Beyoncé and Rihanna, and has inspired high-fashion collections from renowned designers like Prada and Marc Jacobs.

Today, the theater, which opened its doors in 1913, is a celebrated venue for classical music and dance, hosting everything from symphonic concerts and chamber music to classical ballets and new choreographic works.

Théâtre des Champs Élysées, 15 Avenue Montaigne, 75008 Paris, France

Manko

Located just a stone’s throw from the Théâtre des Champs, Manko is a luxurious Peruvian restaurant, cocktail bar, and nightclub that promises a high-end experience.

Decades ago, this spot was home to a sultry jazz club, and the vibrant spirit of nightlife is still alive and thriving today. Step into the world of past cabaret stars and nightlife legends like Ada “Bricktop” Smith and Josephine Baker, whether you're savoring ceviche or enjoying the trendy club atmosphere.

After their performances at the Théâtre des Champs Élysées, African American entertainers would flock to this after-hours club to celebrate and unwind until the first light of dawn greeted them on their way home.

Manko, 15 Avenue Montaigne, 75008 Paris, France

La Coupole

This brasserie, steeped in history, continues to draw visitors to its iconic, expansive interior, making it a timeless Parisian institution.

Regarded as Josephine Baker’s favorite dining spot, this is where the iconic 'Black Pearl of Paris' made her grand entrances with her pet cheetah, Chiquita. Adorned with a diamond collar, Chiquita even took the stage alongside Baker, before both would depart for a waiting Rolls-Royce after the show.

While the cheetah may no longer make an appearance, the timeless charm of this famous Parisian brasserie continues to thrive, where you can savor your crepes in an atmosphere of old-world elegance.

La Coupole, 102 Boulevard du Montparnasse 75014, Paris, France

Le Carrousel

Le Carrousel has reinvented itself many times over, much like the mysterious black cat that inspired its name.

Nestled in the vibrant Pigalle district, this iconic building first opened in 1926 as Club Chez Josephine, a special gift from Giuseppe Pepito Abatino to Josephine Baker.

A plaque proudly hangs at the entrance, honoring the legacy of the legendary performer. It reads, 'Here Josephine Baker, music hall star, civil rights advocate, hosted a cabaret from 1926 to 1928, celebrating the fusion of jazz and African-American culture.'

Though it has undergone numerous transformations over the years, the essence of cabaret endures in this modern restaurant. It’s now a cozy spot to enjoy drinks or indulge in truffle croquettes with friends before heading out to the lively red-light district nearby.

Le Carrousel, 40 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 75009 Paris, France

Caveau de la Huchette

Le Caveau de la Huchette is a historic jazz club located in the heart of Paris's Latin Quarter. The building, dating back to the 16th century, is rumored to have once served as a secret meeting place for Freemasons. Its intimate, cellar-like atmosphere hints at a rich history long before it became a renowned hotspot in the city.

Founded in 1947, this lively venue was one of the clubs that helped keep jazz alive as global musical trends evolved. In Paris, African American artists continued to captivate audiences with their electrifying performances, finding a home in the city's vibrant nightlife.

Today, the club remains a key player in Paris’s jazz scene, hosting both legendary artists and emerging talents every night. It has even become a favorite location for filmmakers, with a notable appearance in the Oscar-winning film 'La La Land.'

Caveau de la Huchette, 5 Rue de la Huchette, 75005 Paris, France

When asked why he chose to move to France, James Baldwin famously replied, 'It wasn’t so much about choosing France – it was about leaving America. I didn’t know what would happen to me in France, but I certainly knew what would happen to me in New York.'

What we now understand is that his time in Paris helped forge a legacy of freedom and artistic expression that endures to this day.