Japanese Cuisine: 25 Must-Try Dishes

From ancient recipes dating back thousands of years to modern creations from this century, embark on a culinary journey through Japan’s rich history—one delicious bite at a time.

Japanese Cuisine: Seafood Specialties

As an island nation, Japan is celebrated for its exquisite seafood offerings. If you adore fish, be sure to add these dishes to your must-try list:

Sushi

Sushi is a quintessential Japanese dish that completes any visit to Japan. Deeply intertwined with the nation’s culture, you'll find it served in restaurants all across the country. First introduced to the world in the 19th century, sushi has since become a global fast-food favorite.

The term ‘sushi’ refers to any dish made from Japanese rice seasoned with vinegar. It comes in various forms, with the most famous being nigiri sushi, which features seafood. Other popular types include makizushi and inarizushi. Though today it’s often associated with upscale dining, sushi has humble beginnings as street food, making it an essential experience you shouldn’t miss.

Sashimi

Sashimi is a divisive dish among visitors to Japan. This delicacy consists solely of raw fish or meat, typically accompanied by daikon radish, wasabi, soy sauce, and ginger. With the fish (or meat) expertly sliced into thin pieces, it can be a shock for those unaccustomed to eating raw seafood. Yet, for locals, it has been a dietary staple for centuries.

The practice of consuming raw fish began with an emphasis on health, as it is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Given Japan’s geographical nature as an island, seafood is a dietary staple, thriving from both freshwater and ocean fishing. Additionally, with Buddhism and Shintoism prevalent in Japan, both of which discourage meat consumption, fish naturally became a primary source of protein.

Mentaiko

If you’re looking for a savory fish option, mentaiko is often hailed as one of Japan’s finest delicacies. This flavorful treat is made from pollock or cod fish eggs that are marinated in a blend of salty and savory seasonings. For those who enjoy a kick, karashi mentaiko, marinated in a spicy sauce, is a great choice. Traditionally, it’s served as a side dish, a topping for ramen, or a filling for onigiri rice balls.

Over time, this fish dish has transformed, with many chefs now blending it with butter or cream to create a delightful mentaiko pasta sauce. Originating from Kyushu, Japan’s third-largest island, it's the ideal place to savor it at its finest.

Unagi

Another beloved dish in Japan is unagi, which features river eel grilled over charcoal and glazed with a sweet barbecue sauce. According to folklore, unagi is considered a remedy for the heat and humidity of Japan’s sweltering summers, making it a must-try if you visit during the warmer months.

Numerous restaurants in Japan focus on eel, offering a delightful way to experience a delicacy steeped in history. This dish traces its roots back to the Edo period (1603-1867) and is best enjoyed between May and October, when fresh, wild unagi is in season.

The cooking technique used for eel can also be applied to other seafood options. If you're not quite ready to try eel, consider enjoying similar dishes featuring catfish, for instance.

Food in Japan: One-pot dishes

There's nothing quite like the warmth and comfort of one-pot meals. Prepared with a variety of the freshest and highest-quality ingredients, this is a culinary experience you shouldn't miss while in Japan.

Sukiyaki

Typically savored during the colder months for a warming experience, sukiyaki features seared beef, a flavorful broth, and an assortment of vegetables, proteins, and noodles. The term ‘sukiyaki’ translates to ‘cook what you wish,’ so you might encounter various interpretations of this dish.

This dish has a rich history in Japan, originating from the Meiji era (1868-1912), when farmers would prepare it using a diverse range of ingredients. Today, sukiyaki is widely enjoyed across the country and is considered one of Japan’s most beloved cuisines.

Oden

Another traditional one-pot dish perfect for chilly Japanese winters is oden. Similar to sukiyaki, this nabemono hot-pot incorporates a variety of vegetables and proteins, such as fish cakes and boiled eggs, simmered in a light broth seasoned with soy sauce and dashi.

Often served in a communal pot at the center of the table, oden is an ideal dish for sharing with family or large groups. A delightful way to enjoy it is by selecting your favorite ingredients and pairing them with karashi mustard and other condiments. Not only does this simmering pot provide warmth during the cold months, but it also acts as a heater for the table, keeping everyone cozy.

Nikujaga

For a quintessential Japanese dish commonly found in restaurants, nikujaga is a must-try. This delightful stew features meats, potatoes, and a medley of vegetables, all simmered with soy sauce, mirin, sake, and sugar. It falls under the category of nimono, referring to simmered dishes.

One of the most authentic experiences of enjoying nikujaga is at a traditional Japanese guesthouse, where families often prepare it. This provides insight into local life during your travels. Originating in the 19th century, this dish was developed by the Imperial Japanese Navy to satisfy hungry soldiers, so be prepared to leave with a full belly.

Shabu-shabu

Shabu-shabu is named after the sound of thin slices of meat being swirled in broth. This dish involves boiling a variety of ingredients, including vegetables and tofu, in a seasoned broth. You dip the meat slices into the broth, swishing them around until cooked, and then enjoy them with a dipping sauce alongside other ingredients, much like a fondue experience.

Food in Japan: Timeless Classics

Japan boasts a wide variety of classic dishes that appeal to diverse tastes. With options for every palate, there's truly something for everyone.

Donburi

While donburi could easily fit into the rice category, it deserves its spot among Japan's classic meals. Nearly as beloved as ramen—no small feat—this dish is a popular choice for busy urban workers. It features an assortment of fried meats, fish, and vegetables served atop a generous helping of steamed rice in a large bowl.

With its origins dating back to the Muromachi period (1336-1573), donburi is a dish that has endured through the ages. It's a fantastic option for tourists seeking a straightforward introduction to Japanese cuisine, thanks to its simple ingredients. Plus, donburi makes for a quick meal during your sightseeing adventures, allowing you to recharge before heading back out.

Tempura

Tempura is another renowned dish in Japan, celebrated worldwide. This delightful meal features an array of crispy fried foods, making it an ideal choice for those seeking a safe option while dining in Japan. Chefs prepare various ingredients—ranging from fish to meat to vegetables—by coating them in a tempura batter and frying them until golden and crunchy. Enjoy it solo or alongside rice bowls or noodle soup for a complete experience.

This beloved cuisine was actually brought to Japan by Portuguese Catholic missionaries in the 1600s. Centuries later, it remains a favorite among the locals.

Kaiseki

One of Japan's most iconic culinary experiences is kaiseki, which originated in Kyoto. For an authentic taste, this is the destination to visit. Kaiseki consists of a series of small, beautifully arranged courses that often resemble art. Made with fresh, seasonal ingredients, the dish changes with the seasons, offering a unique experience based on when you dine.

The array of dishes showcases various cooking techniques, allowing you to savor a spectrum of natural flavors. A great place to experience this culinary delight is at a ryokan, which is a traditional Japanese inn.

Okonomiyaki

For a taste of Japanese comfort food, okonomiyaki is a must-try. This savory pancake is packed with ingredients like cabbage and pork, defying the usual refined image of Japanese cuisine. Finished with fish flakes, seaweed, sauces, and mayonnaise, it's the ultimate guilty pleasure.

What makes this dish truly special is that many restaurants provide grills at the center of the table, allowing you to prepare it yourself. While its origins predate the Hiroshima bombing, okonomiyaki surged in popularity in 1945 when food became scarce. If you're eager to try it, Osaka and Hiroshima are two of the best cities for this cuisine.

Tonkatsu

Tonkatsu is another delightful dish in Japan that deserves your attention. Originating in the late 19th century when Japan began embracing Western influences, this meal has gained immense popularity. However, don't be misled by its European roots; this version is distinctly Japanese.

This dish features a breaded and deep-fried pork cutlet that is tender and utterly delicious. Typically accompanied by miso soup and shredded cabbage, tonkatsu is a fantastic introduction to Japanese cuisine.

Yakitori

A favorite among workers in Japan, yakitori consists of skewers of char-grilled chicken. Often enjoyed with a cold beer, this dish has become a nightly ritual for many Japanese citizens. You can sample various parts of the chicken, each expertly seasoned and served with a dipping sauce. Its simple ingredients make yakitori an ideal choice for tourists eager to explore Japanese flavors.

Natto

Often viewed as a controversial snack in Japan, natto is a dish that people either adore or despise. Made by fermenting soybeans with specific bacteria, this traditional food has a strong aroma reminiscent of moldy cheese. Coupled with its sticky and slimy texture, it might not seem appealing at first glance.

Nonetheless, the rich flavor and savory, salty notes have won over millions of fans. It's certainly worth a taste, especially considering its impressive nutritional benefits. You can decide for yourself if this unique snack is for you.

Tamagoyaki

This adaptable dish is enjoyed at any time of day, making it a beloved option for both locals and visitors. The term tamagoyaki means ‘cooked egg’ and consists of multiple layers of eggs seasoned with soy sauce. The final result resembles a rolled-up crepe. You’ll often find this dish featured in sushi bars as a sweet finish to the meal, highlighting its dessert-like quality.

Gyoza

The final dish on my list of classic Japanese cuisine is gyoza, crescent-shaped dumplings. Although this savory treat originated in the 17th century, it truly gained popularity in the 1900s when dedicated gyoza restaurants emerged in cities. Each dumpling is filled with a delightful mix of ingredients, such as minced pork, onion, cabbage, and mushrooms, then wrapped in a gyoza skin and sealed with pleats before being steamed or fried.

Food in Japan: Noodle and rice dishes

Renowned for its delicious rice and noodle dishes, you'll find a variety of these iconic meals throughout Japan. Here are some of my top picks.

Soba

One of my favorite noodle dishes is soba, which means ‘buckwheat’. This type of noodle is widely enjoyed across the country and is made from buckwheat flour, imparting a subtle earthy and nutty taste. A major advantage of soba is that buckwheat is naturally gluten-free, making it an excellent choice for those with gluten sensitivities.

Soba can be paired with a variety of ingredients, making it an incredibly versatile dish. Whether served in steaming soups or as a side alongside an array of meats and vegetables, it's a meal that caters to everyone. With origins tracing back to around 300 BCE, each bite offers a taste of history.

Curry rice

If you’re looking to begin your journey into Japanese cuisine with something a bit more familiar, curry rice is the perfect choice. Known locally as kare or kare raisu, this dish was brought to Japan by the British during the Meiji era. Unlike Indian curries, Japanese curry tends to be sweeter and thicker, often resembling a hearty stew served over rice.

The ideal way to savor this dish is at a guesthouse or, if fortunate enough, in a local’s home during dinner. This allows you to immerse yourself in the preparation and cultural aspects of Japanese dining, enhancing your experience of the country.

Ramen

Ramen, famous worldwide, is a beloved dish made of egg noodles served in a savory broth. Originating in China during the 18th century, it made its way to Japan in the late 19th century. Since then, it has been adapted by locals, resulting in four distinct varieties: the popular tonkotsu (pork bone), as well as miso, soy sauce, and salt-based styles.

For an authentic ramen experience, visit Fukuoka, located on the northern shore of Kyushu Island, renowned for its rich tonkotsu ramen. Alternatively, head to Hokkaido, Japan's northernmost island, celebrated for its flavorful miso ramen.

Yakisoba

Completing the list of top rice and noodle dishes in Japan is yakisoba. During the summer months, you'll find yakisoba stalls populating cities and festivals, making it a popular dish to enjoy. This delightful meal features fried noodles combined with ingredients like pork, cabbage, and carrots, all elevated by a delicious barbecue sauce topping.

While the term soba refers to buckwheat noodles, it's essential to note that yakisoba does not contain buckwheat, meaning these noodles do have gluten.

Food in Japan: Sides and Desserts

Complete your dining experience with a delightful side or dessert, ensuring you savor the full spectrum of flavors. From savory soups to sweet treats, there's a wonderful variety to choose from.

Miso Soup

Miso soup is a globally recognized Japanese dish. As one of the most popular meals in the country, it consists of a rich combination of miso paste and dashi broth, garnished with tofu, onions, and seaweed. It's a must-try when exploring Japan.

Typically enjoyed as a side or starter, miso soup accompanies traditional breakfasts, lunches, and dinners. Its complex flavors are believed to enhance the taste of the main dish, adding an extra layer of enjoyment.

Onigiri

One of the great advantages of onigiri is its portability, making it easy to enjoy on the go, no matter where you are. Known also as omusubi or nigirimeshi, these rice balls are typically shaped into triangles or cylinders and wrapped in nori seaweed for added flavor.

Wagashi

Conclude your meal with a traditional Japanese sweet known as wagashi. Originating during the Edo period, these treats are crafted using various Japanese ingredients and flavors. A popular choice among these delights is dango, sweet mochi balls drizzled with syrup. If you want a guaranteed hit with the family on your Japan trip, wagashi is the way to go.

Chawanmushi

Last but definitely not least on my list of Japanese foods is chawanmushi, a delightful steamed savory egg custard. Packed with meats, vegetables, nuts, and seafood, this dish complements many main courses in Japan. With a history spanning over 300 years, the Japanese have truly mastered the art of preparing this culinary treasure.

If you’re a foodie but won’t be making it to Japan, explore these other food-centric blogs from around the globe. Uncover some of the best hidden-gem restaurants worth a visit or find out 3 Ways to Explore Seattle. If you're in Europe, get inspired by the finest dining spots in Rome.