Everything you need to know about Enhanced Driver's Licenses

Editor's note: This article has been refreshed with updated information. It was initially published on June 3, 2024.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security requires all U.S. adults traveling through airports to obtain a Real ID by May 7, 2025.

Real IDs are essential not only for domestic air travel but also for an Enhanced Driver's License — a state-issued license that verifies U.S. citizenship and identity when crossing the U.S. border.

If you reside in one of the five northern border states and haven't acquired a Real ID yet, here's what you should know about EDLs and the reasons you might consider obtaining both.

What exactly is an Enhanced Driver's License?

EDLs serve as proof of identity and U.S. citizenship when traveling by car or via seaport across the U.S. border from Canada, Mexico, or the Caribbean, as mandated by U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Canadian citizens can also use them to verify citizenship when entering the U.S.

Residents of Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, and Washington can apply for EDLs through their state Department of Motor Vehicles, as can Canadian citizens from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec.

What are the steps to apply for an Enhanced Driver's License?

Residents can apply at their local DMV or appropriate state agency, each having its own application procedure. For instance, the Michigan Secretary of State requires applicants to apply in person.

Fees differ by state, ranging from $15 to $45 plus additional charges, with states providing a checklist for applicants. Typically, states require proof of U.S. citizenship, your Social Security number, and proof of residency.

Processing times can vary, but it usually takes about two weeks to receive your EDL card by mail.

For more information on how to obtain an EDL in a particular state, refer to:

• Michigan Secretary of State
• New York State DMV
• Minnesota Department of Public Safety Driver and Vehicle Services Division
• Vermont DMV
• Washington State Department of Licensing

What additional uses does an Enhanced Driver's License have?

In addition to facilitating border crossings, EDLs act as driver’s permits and can substitute for Canadian passports.

Canadian citizens can use an EDL when entering the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, or the Caribbean via a land or sea port of entry, but it is not valid for international flights.

Who qualifies for an Enhanced Drivers License?

U.S. and Canadian citizens who regularly travel across the border and reside in a state or province that issues EDLs can apply.

"If you are a U.S. citizen eligible for a Real ID, you can also obtain an enhanced driver's license," stated Wanda Minoli, commissioner of the Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles. "Many residents opt for the EDL due to our border communities, allowing them to visit family and engage in events in Canada."

How can I utilize an Enhanced Drivers License for border crossings?

According to DHS, Enhanced Drivers Licenses facilitate border crossings for U.S. citizens for two main reasons. First, they have a radio-frequency identification chip that allows a secure system to access your biographic and biometric information for the CBP officer as you approach the inspection booth. Second, they include a machine-readable zone or barcode that the CBP officer can electronically scan if the chip isn't accessible.

CBP did not provide a response regarding why these licenses are exclusively issued in northern border states, despite their applicability for crossing the southern border as well.

Key Takeaway

Enhanced Drivers Licenses are offered to residents of specific U.S. states and Canadian provinces. They can be utilized to enter the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean via land and sea, but are not valid for air travel.

A Real ID is necessary to obtain an EDL and will be required for domestic flights starting next year.